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All Journal JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL NATURAL RESOURCES (JCNaR)
Cut Fatimah Zuhra
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Characterization of Bioplastics from Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) Starch and Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) with Glycerol Plasticizer Cut Fatimah Zuhra; Suhadiman Dwi Baruna
Journal of Chemical Natural Resources Vol. 5 No. 2 (2023): Journal of Chemical Natural Resources
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jcnar.v5i2.14316

Abstract

Research on the synthesis of bioplastic from breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) starch and carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) has been successfully carried out with the addition of glycerol. Samples are conducted by varying the glycerol concentrations (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) at 60oC, respectively. The bioplastic product was tested using tensile strength, elongation, water content absorption, biodegradability, and Fourier transform-infra infrared (FT-IR). The tensile strength properties from bioplastic result evaluated is 34.26 N/mm2. The elongation at break of bioplastic is found at 21.4%. Water content results from bioplastic of 44%. Biodegradability study that bioplastics of 20% in 32 days. Correspondingly, the FT-IR confirmed the functional groups of bioplastics from breadfruit starch and CMC with glycerol.
Synthesis of Ester from Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) and Pentaerythritol via Dean-Stark Distillation for Potential Use as Biolubricant Juliati Br Tarigan; Ebenezer Primsa Ginsu; Cut Fatimah Zuhra
Journal of Chemical Natural Resources Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Chemical Natural Resources (JCNaR)
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jcnar.v7i1.20548

Abstract

Waste cooking oil (WCO) is a group of oils or fats that have been used for cooking or frying repeatedly and are no longer suitable for use. Repeated heating of cooking oil will cause the formation of trans fatty acids that trigger coronary heart disease (CHD). This study aims to synthesize esters as biolubricant candidates from WCO. WCO was purified using 0.05% (v/v) of H3PO4 and 2% (w/v) of bleaching earth, then saponified with ethanolic NaOH and hydrolyzed with 25% H₂SO₄. The fatty acids obtained were then esterified with pentaerythritol using a dean-stark distillation apparatus with 2% H2SO4 catalyst and toluene solvent at a temperature of 170-180°C for 6 hours. The results of the acid number analysis showed an ester conversion of 83.08%. Furthermore, the FT-IR spectra showed the presence of C=O (1730 cm⁻¹) and C–O–C (1178 cm⁻¹) groups, indicating the formation of esters. These results indicate that esters from used cooking oil have the potential to be environmentally friendly biolubricants.
Co-Authors Ebenezer Primsa Ginsu Juliati Br Tarigan Suhadiman Dwi Baruna