Florence Kyaruzi
University of Dar es Salaam

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Students’ perceptions of mathematics teacher support on assigned homework during school breaks Florence Kyaruzi; Innocent B. Rugambuka
Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) Vol 20, No 1: February 2026
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/edulearn.v20i1.22944

Abstract

Homework is a crucial formative assessment tool that helps to keep students engaged on tasks beyond school hours. This study investigated students’ perceptions of teacher support on homework tasks during school breaks. Specifically, it focused on how students perceived the mathematics teachers’ support in terms of task quality, feedback quality, and promoting mathematics autonomy. The study also focused on how these perceptions varied by gender and school ownership type, and how they related to students’ self-efficacy in mathematics. It was carried out in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and involved a random sample of 579 students from six primary schools. Previously validated questionnaire scales were adapted for data collection. The data were analysed by using descriptive statistics, latent mean analyses, and structural equation modelling techniques. Results from the descriptive statistics indicated that students positively evaluated teacher support in homework. Besides, student perceptions did not significantly differ across genders but differed between school ownership. The findings indicate a significant relationship between students’ perceptions of teacher support and their mathematics self-efficacy. The findings call for the effective utilisation of homework to augment classroom instructions.
Establishing quality indicators for higher-order thinking skills: development and validation using factor analysis Nia Kania; Florence Kyaruzi
International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) Vol 15, No 4: August 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijere.v15i4.38884

Abstract

Assessing higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) in mathematics education remains challenging because available instruments often measure critical thinking (CT), creative thinking (CrT), and problem-solving (PS) separately, limiting a coherent evaluation of their interrelated nature. This study developed and empirically validated an integrated set of quality indicators for HOTS assessment using a mixed-methods design. In the qualitative phase, focus group discussions (FGDs) with five experts in mathematics education and educational evaluation generated theory-driven indicators grounded in instructional practice. In the quantitative phase, 70 participants (university lecturers, secondary school teachers, and undergraduate students) were selected through stratified purposive sampling to evaluate the indicators. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed using principal axis factoring with varimax rotation, and factorability was confirmed using Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett’s test of sphericity. The results showed satisfactory construct validity (KMO=0.75; Bartlett’s p