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All Journal Makara Journal of Health Research
Mohamad Jamil, Azizul Rahman
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Influenza Prevalence and Risk Factors: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study Balakrishnan, Kiran Ganesh; Abd Manaf, Mohd Rizal; Hassan, Mohd Rohaizat; Musa, Mohd Kamarul Imran; Mohamad Jamil, Azizul Rahman; Abdul Rahim, Norhaslira; Satariah Ali, Umi Kalsom; Jamal, Rahman
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 27, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Background: Influenza infection can lead to mortality and morbidity. In densely populated Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, the transmission of influenza-like illness (ILI) is high. This study assessed the prevalence and epidemiology of influenza in the target population. Methods: A cross-sectional convenience sample study was conducted in government clinics of Cheras, Malaysia, from November 1, 2022, to February 28, 2023. Consent was sought from patients older than 18 years with symptoms of ILI (fever, cough, and onset within 10 days). A nasopharyngeal swab preceded an influenza rapid test. Logistic regression was used in SPSS 22.0 to evaluate the data. Results: Among 438 patients, 55 (12.6%) tested positive for influenza type B, 9 (2%) tested positive for type A, and 374 (85.4%) were negative. Patients in the group that was 10 years older than the younger group had 1.47 times the odds of having influenza. The odds of positive influenza rose 1.133 times per unit of body mass index (BMI). Patients with chronic lung illness were 6.7 times (95% confidence interval, 2.742–16.287) more likely to test positive for influenza. Sex and smoking history did not affect the rate of influenza infection (p > 0.05). Conclusions: An association was found between age, BMI, and chronic lung disease with influenza infection but not with sex or smoking.
Perception of Lean Adoption among Emergency Department Personnel in Public Hospitals in Selangor, Malaysia Mohamad Jamil, Azizul Rahman; Abdul Manaf, Mohd Rizal; Wan Puteh, Sharifa Ezat; Balakrishnan, Kiran Ganesh
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 28, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Background: This research aims to assess the perceptions of the staff working in emergency departments in Selangor, Malaysia, regarding the adoption of lean management and identify the factors that affect their perceptions. Methods: A cross-sectional study using the Lean in Healthcare Questionnaire was conducted with 251 respondents, which consisted of doctors, nurses and medical assistants employed in three selected hospitals. Results: One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant difference in every domain score in accordance with the occupation category. For the domain process, a significant negative correlation was found between age and domain score (r = –0.195, p = 0.002). In particular, nurses had better perceptions of lean adoption compared with others (odds ratio [OR] = 2.44, p < 0.004). The odds of having a better perception decreased by 6.3% as the age increased (p < 0.008). Conclusions: The findings revealed that age and occupation appeared to be determinants of lean adoption perceptions among emergency department personnel. Specifically, older employees tend to have negative perceptions, while nurses have more positive perceptions. However, further research is needed to understand perceptions of lean adoption better and develop guidelines for implementing lean principles in healthcare settings.
Co-Authors Abd Manaf, Mohd Rizal Abdul Manaf, Mohd Rizal Abdul Rahim, Norhaslira Balakrishnan, Kiran Ganesh Hassan, Mohd Rohaizat Musa, Mohd Kamarul Imran Rahman Jamal Satariah Ali, Umi Kalsom Wan Puteh, Sharifa Ezat