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All Journal Sinergi Automotive Experiences
Amer, Noor Hafizah
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Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

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Enhanced Modeling of Crumple Zone in Vehicle Crash Simulation Using Modified Kamal Model Optimized with Gravitational Search Algorithm Zubir, Amrina Rasyada; Hudha, Khisbullah; Kadir, Zulkiffli Abd; Amer, Noor Hafizah
Automotive Experiences Vol 6 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.9289

Abstract

The effectiveness of a vehicle crash system depends on how well it can simulate the behavior of a real vehicle in a crash scenario and accurately identifies the correct working limits of the model parameters, including mass, spring, and damper. Therefore, this study explores the modelling vehicle front crumple zone to represent the behaviors of real crash scenario. The modelling process using Kamal approach is used to develop a precise vehicle crash model for analyzing the impact of a collision on both the vehicle and its passengers. In this study, a complex mass-spring-damper system representing the front crumple zone of an actual car is re-designed to modify the existing vehicle crash model. The gravitational search algorithm (GSA) is implemented in the simulation model's code to obtain optimized values of damping coefficient (c) and spring constant (k). The simulation results show that the deformation response of crumple zone and the deceleration response of vehicle body match the experimental results, indicating the model's accuracy. Additionally, this study investigates the effects of varying the GSA parameters' number of agents (N), the beta parameter (β), and the gravitational constant (G) to improve the model's accuracy by minimizing the root mean square error (RMSE) between model response and crash test data. The optimal GSA parameter chosen in this study were N = 50, β = 0.3, and G = 20 with the lowest RMSE of 22.3874, 22.26664, and 23.86638 respectively.
Verification of a 3-Degree-of-freedom Bus Handling Model Due to Steering Wheel Input Hakima, Muhammad Akhmal; Aparowa, Vimal Rau; Abd Kadir, Zulkiffli; Sakundarini, Novita; Hudha, Khisbullah; Amer, Noor Hafizah
SINERGI Vol 29, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2025.2.022

Abstract

This paper discusses about the development and modeling of a 3-DOF (Degrees of Freedom) bus handling model in response to steering wheel input from the driver. It includes all the relevant mathematical equations. The handling model was created using MATLAB/Simulink, incorporating parameters from TruckSim data to accurately represent the bus. The simulation results were verified by comparing them with TruckSim responses from two test procedures namely double lane change and single lane change tests. The comparison focuses on trends, magnitudes and percentage differences between the developed model and TruckSim results. In the double-lane change test, the largest percentage difference observed was 7%, while the smallest was 0.5% for yaw rate and longitudinal acceleration, respectively. In the single-lane change test, the largest percentage difference was 7.27% for lateral acceleration, and the smallest was 1.5% for yaw rate. The verification indicates that the simulation model closely aligns with TruckSim trends and can be effectively used for further study of bus dynamics in various scenarios.
Co-Authors Abd Kadir, Zulkiffli Aparowa, Vimal Rau Hakima, Muhammad Akhmal Kadir, Zulkiffli Abd Khisbullah Hudha, Khisbullah Sakundarini, Novita Zubir, Amrina Rasyada