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All Journal Automotive Experiences Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences
Shiraishi, Hikaru
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Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

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Combustion Analysis of Ammonia/Gasoline Mixtures at Various Injection Timing Conditions in a High Compression Ratio SI Engine with Sub-Chamber Ichiyanagi, Mitsuhisa; Yilmaz, Emir; Suzuki, Takashi; Okada, Takanobu; Yamamoto, Hikaru; Kodaka, Masashi; Shiraishi, Hikaru; Mukae, Shinnosuke; Tamba, Ryota; Widjaja, Henry; Jonathan, Leon; Gunawan, Sebastian; Gotama, Gabriel Jeremy; Anggono, Willyanto
Automotive Experiences Vol 7 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.10533

Abstract

Due to the problem of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, alternative fuels such as ammonia (NH3) have garnered a lot of attention lately. This is due to its carbon-free molecular structure, ease of transport, and high energy density. Unfortunately, ammonia is not without flaws since it is considered a difficult fuel to burn in conventional internal combustion engines. To further investigate the burning characteristics of ammonia, this study is conducted for ammonia/gasoline co-combustion using a modified engine equipped with a sub-chamber. The engine ran at 1000 RPM and had a 17.7 compression ratio with two injection timings of -55 and 10 crank angle degrees (°CA) after the top dead center (ATDC), while the ammonia energy ratios were adjusted across a range from 40% to 70%. The results show that the earlier injection timing allowed better premixing between the air and fuel mixture, thus enhancing the overall combustion characteristics. For the later injection timing, the nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions decrease at the higher ammonia energy ratio due to the denitrification of the nitrogen oxides (DeNOX) process. Overall, the earlier injection timing appears optimal for the 40% to 70% ammonia energy ratio under the present condition.
The Effect of Ignition Timing on Combustion of Ammonia/Ethanol Mixtures in Spark-Assisted Compression Ignition Engine with a Sub-chamber Okada, Takanobu; Ichiyanagi, Mitsuhisa; Yilmaz, Emir; Suzuki, Takashi; Shiraishi, Hikaru; Ngwompe Souop, Eric Le Roy; Widjaja, Evan; Sutedjo, Jason; Marcelo, Christian Dennis; Tjiotijono, Ferdinand Ronaldo; Gotama, Gabriel Jeremy; Anggono, Willyanto
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 57 No. 6 (2025): Vol. 57 No. 6 (2025): December
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2025.57.6.1

Abstract

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the primary contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Ammonia (NH3) has emerged as a promising alternative fuel due to its high energy density, ease of transportation, and carbon-free molecular structure. However, its practical application is challenged by slow combustion characteristics and high ignition temperatures. This study investigates the combustion behaviour of ethanol-ammonia mixtures using a high-compression-ratio engine (17.7:1) equipped with a sub-chamber. The engine operated at a constant speed of 1000 rpm. Ammonia energy ratios of 40%, 50%, and 60% were tested across ignition timings of 0°, 2°, 4°, 6°, and 8° crank angle (CA) before top dead center (BTDC). Results indicate that advancing the ignition timing increases in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate while reducing combustion duration. Lower ammonia energy ratios yielded higher thermal efficiency. Conversely, higher ammonia content and advanced ignition timings led to increased NOx emissions.
Co-Authors Gotama, Gabriel Jeremy Gunawan, Sebastian Ichiyanagi, Mitsuhisa Jonathan, Leon Kodaka, Masashi Marcelo, Christian Dennis Mukae, Shinnosuke Ngwompe Souop, Eric Le Roy Okada, Takanobu Sutedjo, Jason Takashi Suzuki, Takashi Tamba, Ryota Tjiotijono, Ferdinand Ronaldo Widjaja, Evan Widjaja, Henry Willyanto Anggono Yamamoto, Hikaru Yilmaz, Emir