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All Journal AL-Daulah Jurnal Adabiyah
Usman, Ummi Farhah
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Arts Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Challenging Islamophobia by Action (An Overview of the Islamic Activist Movement in America from A Fiqh Aqalliyāt Perspective) Khalik, Subehan; Hj Rofie, Mohamad Khadafi; Usman, Ummi Farhah; Nur Wulan Rohimah
Jurnal Adabiyah Vol 24 No 1 (2024): June (Islamic Humanities)
Publisher : Faculty of Adab and Humanities - Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/jad.v24i1a3

Abstract

The issue of Islamophobia and the treatment of minorities is deeply rooted in the culture of Muslim societies. Throughout history, Islamic constitutional law has focused on the treatment of minority groups. However, the meaning of "minority" has evolved and shifted from referring to non-Muslim minority groups to Muslim minority groups. This research employs a qualitative methodology with an Islamic law and legal sociology approach, relying on empirical data. The article aims to emphasize the need for reassessing "minorities" and setting new standards in combating Islamophobia through a sociological approach by advocating fiqh al-Aqalliyāt as a tool to promote inclusivity among the Muslim majority. The results show that the movement against Islamophobia, based on the study of maqashid al-shariah with an emphasis on fiqh al-aqalliyat, is the main choice for American Muslim minorities. Abstrak Isu Islamofobia dan perlakuan terhadap minoritas berakar kuat dalam budaya masyarakat Muslim. Sepanjang sejarah, hukum konstitusional Islam telah berfokus pada perlakuan terhadap kelompok minoritas. Namun, makna "minoritas" telah berevolusi dan bergeser dari merujuk pada kelompok minoritas non-Muslim menjadi kelompok minoritas Muslim. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif dengan pendekatan hukum Islam dan sosiologi hukum, dengan mengandalkan data empiris. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menekankan perlunya menilai kembali "minoritas" dan menetapkan standar baru dalam memerangi Islamofobia melalui pendekatan sosiologis dengan mengadvokasi fiqh al-Aqalliyāt sebagai alat untuk mempromosikan inklusivitas di antara mayoritas Muslim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gerakan melawan Islamofobia yang didasarkan pada kajian maqashid al-syariah dengan penekanan pada fiqh al-aqalliyat menjadi pilihan utama bagi minoritas Muslim Amerika.
EFEKTIVITAS RESTITUSI KERUGIAN NEGARA DALAM TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DI BUMN BERBASIS KEMANFAATAN Laila Mauluda Tunnisa; Usman, Ummi Farhah
Al-Daulah : Journal of Criminal Law and State Administration Law Vol 14 No 2 (2025): (December)
Publisher : Jurusan Hukum Tatanegara Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/al-daulah.v14i2.57619

Abstract

Research Objective: This study analyzes the effectiveness of state loss restitution in State-Owned Enterprise (SOE) corruption cases in Indonesia, employing utilitarian justice theory to diagnose barriers impeding asset recovery and to formulate a comprehensive utility-based reform framework. Research Method: An empirical juridical methodology with a descriptive-analytical qualitative approach was adopted, drawing upon court decisions, statutory instruments, institutional reports, and comparative international data from 212 SOE corruption cases documented by Indonesia Corruption Watch (ICW) between 2016 and 2023. Results: Aggregate state losses reached IDR 64 trillion (approximately USD 4 billion), yet asset recovery averaged merely 10.1% annually, well below international benchmarks, revealing five interconnected systemic failure dimensions. Findings and Implications: The identified failures encompass normative gaps in Article 18 of the Anti-Corruption Law, compounded by Law No. 1 of 2025 on SOEs; fragmented institutional coordination; weak digital forensic capacity; inadequate whistleblower protection; and the absence of non-conviction-based asset forfeiture mechanisms. These findings carry implications beyond Indonesia, extending to emerging-economy jurisdictions facing analogous SOE governance challenges. Conclusion: Ineffective restitution reflects systemic failure rooted in regulatory deficiencies, inter-institutional discoordination, and the absence of adequate legal instruments, necessitating a comprehensive, coordinated multi-pillar reform approach. Contribution: This study advances a utility-based restitution framework that repositions asset recovery as a social welfare instrument rather than mere fiscal accounting, encompassing regulatory reconstitution, establishment of an Asset Recovery Agency, blockchain-integrated monitoring, strengthened international mutual legal assistance, and public-benefit earmarking of recovered assets. Limitations and Suggestions: Reliance on publicly available documents potentially omits undocumented cases, while the qualitative approach limits statistical generalizability. Future research should pursue cross-country empirical comparisons, concrete blockchain-based monitoring pilots, and a systematic evaluation of the effects of Law No. 1 of 2025 on anti-corruption governance.
Co-Authors Hj Rofie, Mohamad Khadafi Khalik, Subehan Laila Mauluda Tunnisa Nur Wulan Rohimah