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Awidarta, Kevin
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience

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Formaldehyde Content in Indonesian Food and the Analysis Method: A Review Putri, Anggita Rosiana; Awidarta, Kevin; Pratita Ihsan, Bachtiar Rifai; Khaerunisa, Intan; Ulum, Muhammad Bachrul; Huda, Laili Fadhotun
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 12, No 1 (2024): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.10060

Abstract

Apart from being rich in culture, Indonesia is also rich in food culture. However, in some cases, there are illegal additions of formalin (37% formaldehyde) to food to extend shelf life. If humans consume food containing formaldehyde, it will have a harmful impact. Formaldehyde has the potential to cause cancer. In recent years, formaldehyde has still been found in several Indonesian foods. There are several analytical methods developed to detect formaldehyde levels in food. This review overview of the formaldehyde effect to human health, formaldehyde content in fish and Indonesian food, and the detection methods.
Formaldehyde Content in Indonesian Food and the Analysis Method: A Review Putri, Anggita Rosiana; Awidarta, Kevin; Pratita Ihsan, Bachtiar Rifai; Khaerunisa, Intan; Ulum, Muhammad Bachrul; Huda, Laili Fadhotun
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 12, No 1 (2024): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.10060

Abstract

Apart from being rich in culture, Indonesia is also rich in food culture. However, in some cases, there are illegal additions of formalin (37% formaldehyde) to food to extend shelf life. If humans consume food containing formaldehyde, it will have a harmful impact. Formaldehyde has the potential to cause cancer. In recent years, formaldehyde has still been found in several Indonesian foods. There are several analytical methods developed to detect formaldehyde levels in food. This review overview of the formaldehyde effect to human health, formaldehyde content in fish and Indonesian food, and the detection methods.
Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of Avocado Peel Waste: A Comprehensive Review of Phytochemicals and Pharmacological Activities Awidarta, Kevin; Rohman, Abdul; Nugroho, Agung Endro
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 13, No 3 (2025): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.22376

Abstract

Avocado peel waste, a significant byproduct of the global avocado industry, represents an underutilized resource rich in bioactive compounds, prompting growing interest in its potential pharmacological applications. This review addresses the need to explore these compounds within the context of sustainable waste management and natural therapeutic development, aiming to evaluate their chemical composition and biological activities. A comprehensive analysis was conducted by synthesizing data from peer-reviewed studies, focusing on phytochemical identification using advanced techniques such as UHPLC-QTOF-MS, HPLC-DAD, and LC-DAD-ESI-MS, alongside pharmacological assessments via methods like DPPH, TBARS, and in vitro assays. The findings reveal that avocado peels, particularly from the Hass cultivar, contain diverse phytochemicals including phenolics, flavonoids, and organic acids, exhibiting antioxidant, neuroprotective, antibacterial, antifungal, antiplatelet, antiaging, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. These activities are attributed to mechanisms such as radical scavenging, enzyme inhibition, and apoptosis induction, with specific studies highlighting neuroprotective effects in Parkinson’s disease models. The review concludes that avocado peel waste holds substantial promise as a sustainable source of bioactive compounds for food and pharmaceutical applications, though challenges like bioavailability and cultivar variability necessitate further research. Innovative extraction and formulation strategies could unlock its full therapeutic potential, contributing to a circular economy and health innovation.
Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of Avocado Peel Waste: A Comprehensive Review of Phytochemicals and Pharmacological Activities Awidarta, Kevin; Rohman, Abdul; Nugroho, Agung Endro
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 13, No 3 (2025): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.22376

Abstract

Avocado peel waste, a significant byproduct of the global avocado industry, represents an underutilized resource rich in bioactive compounds, prompting growing interest in its potential pharmacological applications. This review addresses the need to explore these compounds within the context of sustainable waste management and natural therapeutic development, aiming to evaluate their chemical composition and biological activities. A comprehensive analysis was conducted by synthesizing data from peer-reviewed studies, focusing on phytochemical identification using advanced techniques such as UHPLC-QTOF-MS, HPLC-DAD, and LC-DAD-ESI-MS, alongside pharmacological assessments via methods like DPPH, TBARS, and in vitro assays. The findings reveal that avocado peels, particularly from the Hass cultivar, contain diverse phytochemicals including phenolics, flavonoids, and organic acids, exhibiting antioxidant, neuroprotective, antibacterial, antifungal, antiplatelet, antiaging, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. These activities are attributed to mechanisms such as radical scavenging, enzyme inhibition, and apoptosis induction, with specific studies highlighting neuroprotective effects in Parkinson’s disease models. The review concludes that avocado peel waste holds substantial promise as a sustainable source of bioactive compounds for food and pharmaceutical applications, though challenges like bioavailability and cultivar variability necessitate further research. Innovative extraction and formulation strategies could unlock its full therapeutic potential, contributing to a circular economy and health innovation.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Derived from Patin Fish Oil on Diabetic Nephropathy: A Bioinformatics Study Doddy Aditya Purnomo; Awidarta, Kevin; Nugroho, Agung Endro; Rohman, Abdul
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Article In Press 2026
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.22899

Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus with a significant global impact on end-stage renal disease. Fish-derived fatty acids show promise in inflammatory disorders, but their mechanisms in diabetic nephropathy remain unclear. This study used network pharmacology and molecular docking to investigate the therapeutic targets of EPA and DHA from Patin fish oils. Potential targets of EPA and DHA were retrieved from the Swiss Target Prediction, SEA, and SuperPRED databases, identifying 160 and 185 targets, respectively. Notably, 37 and 62 of these targets overlapped with DN-related targets from GeneCards, DisGeNET, and OMIM. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed hub genes, including PPARG, TLR4, and TP53, as critical mediators. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed involvement in biological processes such as collagen metabolic process for EPA and regulation of inflammatory response for DHA, while KEGG pathway analysis highlighted the modulation of PPAR signaling, the renin-angiotensin system, and the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. Molecular docking confirmed favorable binding affinities of EPA and DHA to key targets such as PPARG (-8.04 kcal/mol for DHA) and PPARD (-8.11 kcal/mol for EPA). These findings suggest that EPA and DHA may mitigate DN-associated inflammation through multi-target and multi-pathway interactions, positioning them as potential supplementary therapeutic agents.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Derived from Patin Fish Oil on Diabetic Nephropathy: A Bioinformatics Study Doddy Aditya Purnomo; Awidarta, Kevin; Nugroho, Agung Endro; Rohman, Abdul
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Article In Press 2026
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.22899

Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus with a significant global impact on end-stage renal disease. Fish-derived fatty acids show promise in inflammatory disorders, but their mechanisms in diabetic nephropathy remain unclear. This study used network pharmacology and molecular docking to investigate the therapeutic targets of EPA and DHA from Patin fish oils. Potential targets of EPA and DHA were retrieved from the Swiss Target Prediction, SEA, and SuperPRED databases, identifying 160 and 185 targets, respectively. Notably, 37 and 62 of these targets overlapped with DN-related targets from GeneCards, DisGeNET, and OMIM. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed hub genes, including PPARG, TLR4, and TP53, as critical mediators. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed involvement in biological processes such as collagen metabolic process for EPA and regulation of inflammatory response for DHA, while KEGG pathway analysis highlighted the modulation of PPAR signaling, the renin-angiotensin system, and the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. Molecular docking confirmed favorable binding affinities of EPA and DHA to key targets such as PPARG (-8.04 kcal/mol for DHA) and PPARD (-8.11 kcal/mol for EPA). These findings suggest that EPA and DHA may mitigate DN-associated inflammation through multi-target and multi-pathway interactions, positioning them as potential supplementary therapeutic agents.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Derived from Patin Fish Oil on Diabetic Nephropathy: A Bioinformatics Study Purnomo, Doddy Aditya; Awidarta, Kevin; Nugroho, Agung Endro; Rohman, Abdul
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 14, No 1 (2026): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.22899

Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus with a significant global impact on end-stage renal disease. Fish-derived fatty acids show promise in inflammatory disorders, but their mechanisms in diabetic nephropathy remain unclear. This study used network pharmacology and molecular docking to investigate the therapeutic targets of EPA and DHA from Patin fish oils. Potential targets of EPA and DHA were retrieved from the Swiss Target Prediction, SEA, and SuperPRED databases, identifying 160 and 185 targets, respectively. Notably, 37 and 62 of these targets overlapped with DN-related targets from GeneCards, DisGeNET, and OMIM. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed hub genes, including PPARG, TLR4, and TP53, as critical mediators. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed involvement in biological processes such as collagen metabolic process for EPA and regulation of inflammatory response for DHA, while KEGG pathway analysis highlighted the modulation of PPAR signaling, the renin-angiotensin system, and the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. Molecular docking confirmed favorable binding affinities of EPA and DHA to key targets such as PPARG (-8.04 kcal/mol for DHA) and PPARD (-8.11 kcal/mol for EPA). These findings suggest that EPA and DHA may mitigate DN-associated inflammation through multi-target and multi-pathway interactions, positioning them as potential supplementary therapeutic agents.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Derived from Patin Fish Oil on Diabetic Nephropathy: A Bioinformatics Study Purnomo, Doddy Aditya; Awidarta, Kevin; Nugroho, Agung Endro; Rohman, Abdul
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 14, No 1 (2026): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.22899

Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus with a significant global impact on end-stage renal disease. Fish-derived fatty acids show promise in inflammatory disorders, but their mechanisms in diabetic nephropathy remain unclear. This study used network pharmacology and molecular docking to investigate the therapeutic targets of EPA and DHA from Patin fish oils. Potential targets of EPA and DHA were retrieved from the Swiss Target Prediction, SEA, and SuperPRED databases, identifying 160 and 185 targets, respectively. Notably, 37 and 62 of these targets overlapped with DN-related targets from GeneCards, DisGeNET, and OMIM. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed hub genes, including PPARG, TLR4, and TP53, as critical mediators. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed involvement in biological processes such as collagen metabolic process for EPA and regulation of inflammatory response for DHA, while KEGG pathway analysis highlighted the modulation of PPAR signaling, the renin-angiotensin system, and the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. Molecular docking confirmed favorable binding affinities of EPA and DHA to key targets such as PPARG (-8.04 kcal/mol for DHA) and PPARD (-8.11 kcal/mol for EPA). These findings suggest that EPA and DHA may mitigate DN-associated inflammation through multi-target and multi-pathway interactions, positioning them as potential supplementary therapeutic agents.
Evaluation of Total Phenolic Content, Total Flavonoid Content, and Free Radicals Scavenging Activity of Syzygium polyanthum Wight. Leaves Ramadhan, Yandy Efrianna; Awidarta, Kevin; Endro Unugroho, Agung; Rohman, Abdul
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 14, No 2 (2026): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.23084

Abstract

Bay leaves plant (Syzygium polyanthum Wight), from the Myrtaceae family, are traditionally used for their medicinal properties due to bioactive compounds like phenolics, flavonoids, and steroids with antioxidant activity. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant potential of bay leaf extract by measuring total phenolic and flavonoid content and assessing free radical scavenging activity. Fresh leaves were collected in Yogyakarta in December 2024, dried, and extracted via methanol maceration, followed by fractionation with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and aqueous solvents. The Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to measure total phenolic content,iusing gallic acid asiaireferenceistandard, irevealing high phenolic levels, particularly in the ethyl acetate fraction (198.20 ± 0.42 mg GAE/g). The Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to measure total phenolic content, using gallic acid as a reference standard, showing significant flavonoid levels, with the ethyl acetate fraction at 62.06 ± 1.76 mg QE/g. The DPPH assay was utilized to assess antioxidant activity, revealing that the ethyl acetate fraction had the lowest IC50 value (41.71 ±i0.617 µg/mL), demonstrating potent free radical scavenging ability similar to ascorbic acid (9.61 ± 0.138 µg/mL) The ethyl acetate fraction contains a significant amount of phenolics and flavonoids correlated strongly with its antioxidant capacity, highlighting bay leaves as a promising source for herbal medicine development. These findings validate the traditional use of bay leaves and offer updated quantitative data on phenolic/flavonoid levels and antioxidant capacity, highlighting their promise for natural health product development.
Evaluation of Total Phenolic Content, Total Flavonoid Content, and Free Radicals Scavenging Activity of Syzygium polyanthum Wight. Leaves Ramadhan, Yandy Efrianna; Awidarta, Kevin; Endro Unugroho, Agung; Rohman, Abdul
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 14, No 2 (2026): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.23084

Abstract

Bay leaves plant (Syzygium polyanthum Wight), from the Myrtaceae family, are traditionally used for their medicinal properties due to bioactive compounds like phenolics, flavonoids, and steroids with antioxidant activity. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant potential of bay leaf extract by measuring total phenolic and flavonoid content and assessing free radical scavenging activity. Fresh leaves were collected in Yogyakarta in December 2024, dried, and extracted via methanol maceration, followed by fractionation with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and aqueous solvents. The Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to measure total phenolic content,iusing gallic acid asiaireferenceistandard, irevealing high phenolic levels, particularly in the ethyl acetate fraction (198.20 ± 0.42 mg GAE/g). The Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to measure total phenolic content, using gallic acid as a reference standard, showing significant flavonoid levels, with the ethyl acetate fraction at 62.06 ± 1.76 mg QE/g. The DPPH assay was utilized to assess antioxidant activity, revealing that the ethyl acetate fraction had the lowest IC50 value (41.71 ±i0.617 µg/mL), demonstrating potent free radical scavenging ability similar to ascorbic acid (9.61 ± 0.138 µg/mL) The ethyl acetate fraction contains a significant amount of phenolics and flavonoids correlated strongly with its antioxidant capacity, highlighting bay leaves as a promising source for herbal medicine development. These findings validate the traditional use of bay leaves and offer updated quantitative data on phenolic/flavonoid levels and antioxidant capacity, highlighting their promise for natural health product development.
Co-Authors Abdul Rohman Agung Endro Nugroho Anggita Rosiana Putri Doddy Aditya Purnomo Endro Unugroho, Agung Huda, Laili Fadhotun Khaerunisa, Intan Pratita Ihsan, Bachtiar Rifai Purnomo, Doddy Aditya Ramadhan, Yandy Efrianna Ulum, Muhammad Bachrul