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All Journal Malikussaleh Social and Political Reviews International Journal of Public Administration Studies Pinisi Journal of Social Science
Efebeh, Vincent Eseoghene
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Humanities Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences Other

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The Economic Implications of Terrorism in Developing Countries: Nigeria in Focus Efebeh, Vincent Eseoghene; Johnson, Marvelous Otega
International Journal of Public Administration Studies Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): International Journal of Public Administration Studies
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/ijpas.v3i2.13889

Abstract

The evil consequences of terrorism in our contemporary states have left so many countries of the world in a very serious economic crisis. The 9/11 terrorists attacks on the United States of America has changed the face of terrorism foe ever, especially to policy makers, academics and to publicists, leaving the human communities much more vulnerable than ever before. Worse hit are such countries with unstable governments most of which are in Africa. This paper examines the economic iniquitousness of terrorists conditioning in developing countries; particularly in Nigeria. The study adopted a historical method of data collection with a complete reliance on secondary data sources as obtained from books, magazines, academic journals, newspapers and the internet.  The paper reveals that terrorists' attack had adversely affected the economies of developing countries; particularly, the Nigerian economic environment as it had drastically downshifted Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), the killing and maiming of unarmed citizenry who would have formed a formidable workforce for economic progress. The paper suggests that, economic activities can only thrive in an atmosphere of peace and tranquility, to that extent therefore, the government need to strengthen its collaborative efforts with her neighbours and other development partners across the world to curb the activities of the terrorists.
The Role of International Organizations in Managing Global Health Security: A Study of World Health Organization Activities in Africa Siloko, Joseph Onovughe; Efebeh, Vincent Eseoghene; Clark, Esekumenu V.
Pinisi Journal of Social Science Vol 4, No 1 (2025): May
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26858/pjss.v4i1.73116

Abstract

The study examines the role of international organizations, specifically the World Health Organization (WHO), in managing global health security in Africa. It evaluates WHO’s effectiveness, the impact of systemic inequality in resource allocation, and the consequences of delays in decision-making and operational inefficiencies. The research is anchored in regime theory, which explains how international organizations govern global health security through established norms and cooperative frameworks (Krasner, 1983). A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing data from WHO reports, global health indices, and case studies of past health crises, such as Ebola (2014–2016) and COVID-19 (2020–2024). Data were collected from WHO publications, African CDC reports, peer-reviewed journals, and government health statistics.  Findings reveal that WHO plays a pivotal role in disease surveillance, emergency response coordination, and health policy implementation. However, systemic inequalities in funding and material distribution have limited Africa’s ability to respond effectively to health crises. Delays in WHO’s decision-making processes have further exacerbated the impact of pandemics on the continent. Despite these challenges, WHO remains a key institution for strengthening health security, provided that operational inefficiencies are addressed, resource distribution becomes more equitable, and decision-making processes are restructured. The study recommends decentralizing WHO’s regional offices in Africa, improving health equity in resource allocation, and reducing bureaucratic inefficiencies to enhance rapid emergency response. These findings contribute to ongoing policy discussions on global health governance and sustainable health security strategies for Africa.
United States-Iran Conflict and Its Security Implications for Middle East Otubu, Alex; Efebeh, Vincent Eseoghene; Sanubi, Franklins A.
Malikussaleh Social and Political Reviews Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Master Program of Sociology, Universitas Malikussaleh,

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/mspr.v5i1.16528

Abstract

This study examined at the United States -Iranian conflict and how it would affect Middle East security. This study used a historical research design, and the trend analysis technique was used to analyze the data. It was determined that the exploratory and qualitative trend analysis technique was appropriate for the type of study. This study was based on Zagare's (1996) deterrence theory, which was seen as a re-evaluation of the traditional balance of power theory. Findings showed that the core reasons for the dispute between the United States and Iran were the U.S. foreign policy, the failed extreme pressure strategy of the Biden and Trump administrations, state behaviour in the global order, innovation, domestic politics, and control and deterrence. The conflict between the United States and Iran has undermined regional security and peace. The main causes of the sanctions' futility against the Islamic Republic of Iran include Iran's economic diversification, its technological advancements, its nuclear program, its geopolitical location, people's support for the system as well as political engagement, the continued implementation of Iran's regional policies, political countermeasures, and other countries' lack of political support following Trump's decision to withdraw from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. The Middle East's security was viewed as being threatened by Iran's nuclear program by the United States, Israel, and other countries in the region. The study came to the conclusion that, despite the two states' numerous problems and obstacles impeding their attempts to normalize, opportunities and hopes have always existed. The study concluded that despite their ongoing hostility and tense relationship, both nations occasionally communicate because it is in their specific national security goals. Therefore, the study suggested, among other things, that in order to prevent the United States from isolating itself from significant actors in the Middle East, the country should work to restore relations with Iran and discover productive means of resolving disagreements, starting with a return to full adherence to the JCPOA for both parties.
Co-Authors Clark, Esekumenu V. Johnson, Marvelous Otega Otubu, Alex Sanubi, Franklins A. Siloko, Joseph Onovughe