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All Journal Eureka Herba Indonesia Journal of Psychiatry Psychology and Behavioral Research (JPPBR)
Ratu, Estyka
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Humanities Education Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Effects of Red Galangal Rhizome Extract (Alpinia purpurata) as an Inhibitor of Staphylococcus aureus Bacterial Biofilm Sri Winarsih; Ardian Rizal; Ratu, Estyka
Eureka Herba Indonesia Vol. 4 No. 4 (2023): Eureka Herba Indonesia
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/ehi.v4i4.96

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a type of bacteria that causes infection through the virulence mechanism of biofilm formation, namely forming a layer by removing the matrix as a form of defense from the immune system and from antibacterial agents. This bacterium makes it very easy to form biofilms, thereby reducing the effectiveness of therapy with antibiotics. Red galangal is a spice plant that grows a lot in Indonesia. It is known to contain flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids, which are thought to have activity in inhibiting biofilm formation. This study aimed to determine the effect of red galangal rhizome extract in inhibiting the formation of biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The method used is the test tube method using crystal violet dye. The results of the tube test method were photographed and quantified into the mean gray value (MGV) found in the Adobe Photoshop CS6 application. The thicker the biofilm is indicated by the lower the MGV value. Red galangal extract was obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol solvent, while the extract concentrations for treatment were 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, 1.56%, and 0%. The results of statistical analysis showed that the higher the concentration of the extract, the thinner the biofilm ring formed (Pearson correlation, r = -0.980, p = 0.000). In conclusion, the ethanol extract of red galangal rhizome has the potential to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation with minimal biofilm inhibition at a concentration of 12.5%.
MICRO-RNA AS DIAGNOSTIC MODALITY OF MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER Ratu, Estyka
Journal of Psychiatry Psychology and Behavioral Research Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): Transforming Different Modalities to Achieve Better Mental Health
Publisher : Departemen Psikiatri Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jppbr.2024.005.01.5

Abstract

Introduction – Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a chronic mental health disorder, with suicidal ideation, but until now an exact diagnostic approach has not been found. For the limitations of the current diagnosis, such as subjective reports of patients or their families with mental status examinations, there is still a lack of objective diagnostic results. In this case, it is still a challenge for researchers. Neutropic factors, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal hormones (HPA), indicators of inflammation, and metabolic factors, were found to be novel biomarkers for MDD. However, these biomarkers show limited sensitivity and specificity. The most recent diagnostic development effort is the use of microRNA as a diagnostic modality approach for MDD. Methods – This study uses a qualitative method by collecting valid journals with certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. The keywords used were MDD, microRNA, and Diagnostic. There are journals used as the source of this literature review which come from valid scientific sources such as NCBI, ScienceDirect, and PubMed which were published in the last 10 years. Results – The results of the miRNA-124-3p expression test showed a significant difference between the healthy control group and the MDD patient group. The specificity and sensitivity of miRNA-221-3p, miRNA-451a, miRNA-34a-5p, and let-7d-3p showed high accuracy in the diagnosis of MDD. Discuss – The unknown etiology of MDD makes some patients have no results or significant progress of their depression in clinical settings which is contributed by gene regulatory pathway that shows high significance associated with neural function brain in depressive disorders such as apoptotic pathway, P13K-Akt signaling, axon guidance, neurotrophin signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway. Conclusion- The diagnostic effectiveness of miRNA in major depressive disorder can be significantly enhanced by using miRNA expression coding and has been proven by various tests. Therefore, this research is expected to be an innovation in diagnosing MDD for further research. Keywords: MDD, depression, microRNA, diagnostic
Co-Authors Ardian Rizal Sri Winarsih