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All Journal Journal of Islamic Pharmacy Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies
Warni, Asri Indahning
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Aerospace Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Computer Science & IT Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health Social Sciences

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mec Genes in Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Umami, Zahra; Warni, Asri Indahning; Wahyuni, Dewi
Journal of Islamic Pharmacy Vol 8, No 2 (2023): J. Islamic Pharm.
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/jip.v8i2.24060

Abstract

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) manifests antibiotic resistance, especially for the β-lactams antibiotic group. MRSA bacteria are a common cause of infection in humans. The antibiotic resistance characteristic comes from the mecA, mecB, and mecC genes in the bacterial chromosome. mecA is the most common gene found in MRSA. Therefore, it is essential to know the role of the mecA gene in antibiotic resistance. This paper searched the literature about MRSA bacteria, the mec gene, and their relationship to cause resistance. The results showed that the mec gene found in MRSA bacteria causes antibiotic resistance in penicillin groups. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) manifests antibiotic resistance, especially for the β-lactams antibiotic group. MRSA bacteria are a common cause of infection in humans. The antibiotic resistance characteristic comes from the mecA, mecB, and mecC genes in the bacterial chromosome. mecA is the most common gene found in MRSA. Therefore, it is essential to know the role of the mecA gene in antibiotic resistance. This paper searched literature about MRSA bacteria, the mec gene, and their relationship to cause resistance. The results showed that the mec gene found in MRSA bacteria causes antibiotic resistance in penicillin groups.
Syndrome Serotonin Warni, Asri Indahning; Yulistiani, Yulistiani
Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Vol. 5 No. 6 (2025): Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies
Publisher : Green Publisher Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59188/eduvest.v5i6.50097

Abstract

Major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are prevalent mental health conditions often treated with antidepressants, including SSRIs, SNRIs, tricyclic antidepressants, and benzodiazepines. However, abrupt discontinuation or rapid dose reduction of these medications can lead to withdrawal syndromes, ranging from somatic symptoms like dizziness and nausea to psychological effects such as mood swings and suicidal thoughts. This study examines withdrawal events associated with various antidepressants, emphasizing the need for effective health management strategies. The research aims to review withdrawal symptoms across antidepressant classes, identify high-risk medications, and explore alternative tapering methods such as hyperbolic dose reduction. A systematic literature review analyzed clinical studies, case reports, and patient surveys to evaluate withdrawal prevalence, symptom severity, and duration. Findings indicate that short half-life antidepressants (e.g., paroxetine, venlafaxine) pose elevated withdrawal risks, with symptoms persisting from weeks to years. Hyperbolic tapering demonstrated reduced severity in cases like escitalopram withdrawal. Persistent post-withdrawal disorders, including post-SSRI sexual dysfunction (PSSD), were documented. The research underscores the importance of structured discontinuation protocols and clinician awareness in mitigating withdrawal effects within healthcare systems. Implications highlight the necessity for evidence-based clinical guidelines on antidepressant tapering and enhanced patient education initiatives to prevent non-compliance and abrupt cessation. Future research should investigate long-term outcomes of withdrawal management strategies in diverse care settings.
Co-Authors Raden Mohamad Herdian Bhakti Umami, Zahra Yulistiani Yulistiani, Yulistiani