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The Relationship of Heavy Metals With Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review: Hubungan Logam Berat Dengan Kanker Paru: Sebuah Tinjauan Sistematis Mohammed, Mostafa Salim
Procedia of Engineering and Life Science Vol. 5 (2024): Proceedings of the 7th Seminar Nasional Sains 2024
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/pels.v7i0.1720

Abstract

General Background: Heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, nickel, and copper are known environmental pollutants with established toxic effects on human health. Specific Background: These elements have been identified as significant contributors to various diseases, with emerging evidence suggesting their role in promoting cancer, particularly lung cancer. Knowledge Gap: Although numerous studies have investigated the relationship between heavy metals and lung cancer, a comprehensive understanding of the impact of various metal concentrations on cancer development and progression remains underexplored. Aims: This systematic review aims to consolidate and analyze the existing literature on the effects of heavy metal exposure on lung cancer, focusing on different biological samples such as plasma, urine, nails, and hair. Results: The review identified consistent evidence linking increased levels of heavy metals with higher risks of lung cancer. Studies highlighted the role of metals like cadmium, chromium, and nickel in not only promoting cancer growth but also in impacting the efficacy of cancer treatment. The findings suggest that exposure to these metals, often from environmental and industrial sources, is a critical risk factor for lung cancer. Novelty: This review uniquely synthesizes data from diverse biological samples, providing a holistic view of how heavy metal exposure influences lung cancer. Implications: The study underscores the importance of monitoring and regulating heavy metal exposure to reduce the incidence of lung cancer. It also emphasizes the need for further research to develop targeted strategies for mitigating the risks associated with heavy metal-induced carcinogenesis. Highlights: Heavy metals like cadmium increase lung cancer risk significantly. Diverse samples (plasma, urine) reveal metals' impact on cancer. Regulating metal exposure is key to preventing lung cancer. Keywords: Heavy Metals, Lung Cancer, Cadmium, Carcinogenesis, Toxic Exposure
Elevated Cadmium Drives Calcium Deficiency in Renal Failure Patients Mohammed, Mostafa Salim
Academia Open Vol 9 No 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.9869

Abstract

Background: Renal failure (RF) is a significant health issue with various etiological factors, including environmental toxins. Specific Background: Cadmium (Cd), a known toxic heavy metal, has been implicated in renal damage, while calcium (Ca) levels may also be affected. Knowledge Gap: The relationship between Cadmium and Calcium levels in RF patients, despite the well-established link between heavy metals and renal impairment, remains underexplored. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate changes in blood serum Cd and Ca levels in RF patients and investigate their correlation. Methods: The study, conducted in Iraq from July 2023 to February 2024, involved 150 participants, including 100 RF patients and 50 healthy controls, and used Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for analysis. Results: The mean Cd level was significantly higher in RF patients (2.30 µg/L) compared to controls (1.44 µg/L, P < 0.05). Conversely, the mean Ca level in RF patients was significantly lower (36.06 mg/dL) compared to controls (51.85 mg/dL, P < 0.05). A significant negative correlation between Cd and Ca levels was found (P ≤ 0.001). Novelty: This study provides novel insights into the detrimental impact of elevated Cd levels on Ca status in RF patients. Implications: The study underscores the necessity of controlling Cd exposure and Ca levels in renal function (RF) management to mitigate its environmental impact on renal health. Highlights: Higher Cd Levels: Increased cadmium in RF patients. Lower Ca Levels: Decreased calcium in RF patients. Negative Correlation: Cadmium inversely affects calcium levels. Keywords: Cadmium, Calcium, Renal Failure, Heavy Metals, Blood Serum