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Morphological, physiological and anatomical traits in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) as affected by semi-arid conditions Ali, Arous; Zemour, Kamel; Mehdeb, Djamila; Labdelli , Amina; Zemour , Hafidh; Chouhim , Kada Mohamed Amine; Adda , Ahmed; Belkhoudja , Moulay
Journal of Agriculture and Applied Biology Vol 5 No 1 (2024): Journal of Agriculture and Applied Biology
Publisher : Future Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jaab.05.01.08

Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) is one of Algeria's primary cereal crops. Although the areas reserved for this species are estimated at approximately 40%, the production remains low to meet national grain requirements. This shortfall is primarily due to the impact of biotic and abiotic stresses, particularly drought, which significantly limit wheat yields. For that, this study assessed the behavior of five genotypes of durum wheat (Waha, Acsad1361, Vitron, Oued Zenati and Langlois) under water stress conditions. The experiment was carried out in Tiaret (Western Algeria). The studied parameters are morpho-physiological and anatomical of the flag leaf. The obtained results showed that the water deficit greatly affected the dimensions of the plant and triggered a decrease in the water content. Structural modifications due to cellular resizing of the structural constituents of the last leaf, reflected by variations in the rate of the outer epidermal wall thickness and reductions of leaf mesophiles. These modifications remain effective in maintaining the hydration of the aerial part by limiting water loss and increasing the hydraulic resistance of the leaves. According to this study, it seems that an inter-varietal difference has been highlighted. However, a genetic cross is recommended to combine the maximum number of resistant genes into a single variety. This strategy is considered as an effective solution for mitigating the effects of abiotic stresses, especially in semi-arid regions.

The effects of herbicide application on the properties of agricultural soil in Algeria Meliani, Kaddour; Oulbachir , Karima; Zemour , Hafidh; Ardjane, Tedj Eddine Adda
Journal of Agriculture and Applied Biology Vol 5 No 2 (2024): Journal of Agriculture and Applied Biology
Publisher : Future Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jaab.05.02.02

Phytosanitary products, particularly herbicides, are essential for weed control in agriculture. This study examined the concentration and persistence of Pinoxaden residues in different soil textures. Seventy-two soil samples from two farms in Tiaret, Algeria, were analyzed using liquid chromatography (HPLC) to measure herbicide residues. The analysis used a mobile phase of acetonitrile and methanol (50/50, V/V) with a retention time of 2 minutes. Results indicated significant differences in residue persistence based on soil texture. Clay-loam soils showed higher residue persistence, averaging 6.01 × 10^-4 ± 8.7 × 10^-5 μg/g, while sandy soils had lower persistence, averaging 6.4 × 10^-5 ± 5.9 × 10^-6 μg/g. This underscores the impact of soil characteristics on herbicide behavior and the need for tailored management strategies. Despite herbicides' benefits, their environmental impacts are concerning. Persistent residues can contaminate soil and harm ecosystems. Raising awareness among stakeholders about these risks is essential. The study recommends sustainable alternatives, such as biological control methods, to reduce dependency on chemical herbicides. Biological controls offer eco-friendly solutions, promoting ecosystem balance and reducing agriculture's ecological footprint. Implementing crop rotation and other integrated pest management (IPM) strategies can enhance weed control effectiveness while decreasing reliance on chemical herbicides. These practices mitigate environmental risks and improve soil health and agricultural productivity. In conclusion, while herbicides are indispensable in modern agriculture, responsible use and management are crucial for environmental sustainability and the long-term viability of agricultural systems. By adopting sustainable practices and innovative technologies, it is possible to balance agricultural productivity with environmental protection.

Morphological, physiological and anatomical traits in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) as affected by semi-arid conditions Ali, Arous; Zemour, Kamel; Mehdeb, Djamila; Labdelli , Amina; Zemour , Hafidh; Chouhim , Kada Mohamed Amine; Adda , Ahmed; Belkhoudja , Moulay
Journal of Agriculture and Applied Biology Vol 5 No 1 (2024): Journal of Agriculture and Applied Biology
Publisher : Future Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jaab.05.01.08

Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) is one of Algeria's primary cereal crops. Although the areas reserved for this species are estimated at approximately 40%, the production remains low to meet national grain requirements. This shortfall is primarily due to the impact of biotic and abiotic stresses, particularly drought, which significantly limit wheat yields. For that, this study assessed the behavior of five genotypes of durum wheat (Waha, Acsad1361, Vitron, Oued Zenati and Langlois) under water stress conditions. The experiment was carried out in Tiaret (Western Algeria). The studied parameters are morpho-physiological and anatomical of the flag leaf. The obtained results showed that the water deficit greatly affected the dimensions of the plant and triggered a decrease in the water content. Structural modifications due to cellular resizing of the structural constituents of the last leaf, reflected by variations in the rate of the outer epidermal wall thickness and reductions of leaf mesophiles. These modifications remain effective in maintaining the hydration of the aerial part by limiting water loss and increasing the hydraulic resistance of the leaves. According to this study, it seems that an inter-varietal difference has been highlighted. However, a genetic cross is recommended to combine the maximum number of resistant genes into a single variety. This strategy is considered as an effective solution for mitigating the effects of abiotic stresses, especially in semi-arid regions.

The effects of herbicide application on the properties of agricultural soil in Algeria Meliani, Kaddour; Oulbachir , Karima; Zemour , Hafidh; Ardjane, Tedj Eddine Adda
Journal of Agriculture and Applied Biology Vol 5 No 2 (2024): Journal of Agriculture and Applied Biology
Publisher : Future Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jaab.05.02.02

Phytosanitary products, particularly herbicides, are essential for weed control in agriculture. This study examined the concentration and persistence of Pinoxaden residues in different soil textures. Seventy-two soil samples from two farms in Tiaret, Algeria, were analyzed using liquid chromatography (HPLC) to measure herbicide residues. The analysis used a mobile phase of acetonitrile and methanol (50/50, V/V) with a retention time of 2 minutes. Results indicated significant differences in residue persistence based on soil texture. Clay-loam soils showed higher residue persistence, averaging 6.01 × 10^-4 ± 8.7 × 10^-5 μg/g, while sandy soils had lower persistence, averaging 6.4 × 10^-5 ± 5.9 × 10^-6 μg/g. This underscores the impact of soil characteristics on herbicide behavior and the need for tailored management strategies. Despite herbicides' benefits, their environmental impacts are concerning. Persistent residues can contaminate soil and harm ecosystems. Raising awareness among stakeholders about these risks is essential. The study recommends sustainable alternatives, such as biological control methods, to reduce dependency on chemical herbicides. Biological controls offer eco-friendly solutions, promoting ecosystem balance and reducing agriculture's ecological footprint. Implementing crop rotation and other integrated pest management (IPM) strategies can enhance weed control effectiveness while decreasing reliance on chemical herbicides. These practices mitigate environmental risks and improve soil health and agricultural productivity. In conclusion, while herbicides are indispensable in modern agriculture, responsible use and management are crucial for environmental sustainability and the long-term viability of agricultural systems. By adopting sustainable practices and innovative technologies, it is possible to balance agricultural productivity with environmental protection.

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