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Development of Green Composites Based on Castor Bean Shell (Ricinus communis) as Filler in Epoxy Resin Polymer Ogah, Ogah Anselm; Joseph, Mbam Nwabueze; Pauline, Ojukwu Uju; Ohoke, Francis Okemini
Journal of Fibers and Polymer Composites Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024): Journal of Fibers and Polymer Composites
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jfpc.v3i1.156

The present study was carried out to develop composites using waste castor bean shell (CBS) as a filler and epoxy resin as a matrix. The composites were produced by varying the weight fractions of filler in the range of 5 to 35 wt%. The effects of castor bean shell filler weight percentages (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35) on the tensile, flexural, impact and hardness properties of the epoxy/castor bean shell composites were evaluated using universal testing machine, hardness tester and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The study revealed that the tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength and impact strength increased with the increasing of the castor bean shell filler content. The highest tensile, flexural and impact properties of the CBS loaded epoxy composite were achieved at a filler content of 15wt%. The hardness increased with the increasing of the castor bean shell filler content. The water absorption and the thickness swelling increased with the increasing of the castor bean shell filler content. The swelling rates of the castor bean shell-epoxy polymer matrix composites are low during the initial stages of moisture absorption due to the visco-elasticity of the polymer matrix. The density decreased with the increasing of the castor bean shell filler content. SEM showed improved interfacial adhesion of the castor bean shell filler-epoxy resin matrix at 15wt% CBS content. The study has shown that castor bean shell filler is a viable reinforcement for manufacturing green composites from the viewpoint of their physical and mechanical properties.

Enhancing Current Density and Specific Capacitance of Nata de Coco, TEMPO, and MXene Composites through Boiling Time Variations Yunus, Syukri; Umah, Kuntum Khairah; Abral, Hairul; Ogah, Ogah Anselm; Aulia, Aulia
Andalasian International Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 3 No. 3 (2023): November 2023
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/aijaset.v3i3.110

This research aimed to enhance the current density and specific capacitance of electronic device materials to replace traditional metal materials. Composite materials that include Nata de Coco, TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl), and MXene achieve this improvement. Composite materials that include Nata de Coco, TEMPO, and MXene accomplish this improvement. Initial testing has shown that these materials initially demonstrated lower electrical properties, particularly in current density and specific capacitance, than conventional metals. To enhance their electrical properties, we employed a boiling method with variations in boiling time. The time intervals chosen were 30, 300, and 480 minutes. In the manufacturing process, Nata de Coco, previously oxidized by TEMPO, was boiled in an MXene solution at a temperature of 70°C. We tested the electrical properties of the resulting composite film, focusing on current density and specific capacitance. The measured current density values, corresponding to the different boiling times, were as follows: 0.000239 A/cm² for 30 minutes, 0.000307 A/cm² for 300 minutes, and 0.000320 A/cm² for 480 minutes. The specific capacitance values were 1.7005 F/g for 30 minutes, 1.9707 F/g for 300 minutes, and 2.0364 F/g for 480 minutes. The percentage increase in current density and specific capacitance values from 30 minutes to 300 minutes of boiling was 22% and 13.7%, respectively. For boiling from 300 to 480 minutes, the increase was 4.06% for current density and 3.22% for specific capacitance. These findings suggest that longer boiling times result in improved electrical properties. Subsequently, characteristic tests were performed, including XRD (X-ray diffraction) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) analyses. The XRD results indicated that longer boiling times caused a rightward shift of the diffraction peak with a narrower peak width, signifying increased crystallinity. The highest X-ray intensity was observed in the composite boiled for 480 minutes, with a power of 847.23 counts per second (cps) and a two-theta angle of 21.31°. Additionally, the smallest crystal size was achieved with a 480-minute boiling time, measuring 138.2851 Å. In the SEM analysis, it was evident that longer boiling times led to a higher fraction of MXene within the composite film.

Investigating Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites, Biocomposites, Bionanocomposites Thermo-Mechanical Attributes Emerging Implementations Ogah, Ogah Anselm; Archibong, Friday Nwankwo; Pauline, Ojukwu Uju; Mbam, Nwabueze Joseph; Yudhanto, Ferriawan
Journal of Fibers and Polymer Composites Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): Journal of Fibers and Polymer Composites
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jfpc.v3i1.136

Natural fibers are progressively employed in manufacturing polymer composite structures beneficial to automotive, construction, and aerospace industries. The upsurge in the utilization of natural fibers in various industries is ascribed to enhanced awareness of the toxicity of man-made fibers. It is imperative to preserve the ecosystem. Thus, legislators and investigators are brainstorming on substituting conventional materials with earth-friendly resources. Natural fibers are green resources with multifarious advantages over synthetic materials, including ease of processing, reduction of CO2 effusions, biodegradable, recyclable, acceptable thermomechanical attributes and improved compatibility with human health. Therefore, natural fibers are widely applied as modifiers for polymers. Recently, natural fibers reinforced polymeric composites, bio-composites and bionanocomposites are the hot potato of researchers ascribed to their attributes such as having low specific gravity, producing good results without costing a lot of money, earth-friendly, and sustainable among others. Jute, kenaf, coir, and hemp natural fibers derived from plants can be exploited to achieve novel lofty execution polymer composite systems. Thermo-mechanical behavior of natural fiber-reinforced composites, bio-composites and bionanocomposites including stress-strain, bending, failure resistance, impact toughness, temperature and deformation fashion them to be more sustainable and engaging than man-made fibers with exceptional biodegradable hallmark. Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) determines variations in specimen dimensions with varying temperature, time or load at ambient conditions. However, TMA of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites is limited. Therefore, the review highlights on natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites, bio-composites, bionanocomposites, their crucial thermo-mechanical attributes, and emerging implementations.

Enhancing Current Density and Specific Capacitance of Nata de Coco, TEMPO, and MXene Composites through Boiling Time Variations Yunus, Syukri; Umah, Kuntum Khairah; Abral, Hairul; Ogah, Ogah Anselm; Aulia, Aulia
Andalasian International Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 3 No. 3 (2023): November 2023
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/aijaset.v3i3.110

This research aimed to enhance the current density and specific capacitance of electronic device materials to replace traditional metal materials. Composite materials that include Nata de Coco, TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl), and MXene achieve this improvement. Composite materials that include Nata de Coco, TEMPO, and MXene accomplish this improvement. Initial testing has shown that these materials initially demonstrated lower electrical properties, particularly in current density and specific capacitance, than conventional metals. To enhance their electrical properties, we employed a boiling method with variations in boiling time. The time intervals chosen were 30, 300, and 480 minutes. In the manufacturing process, Nata de Coco, previously oxidized by TEMPO, was boiled in an MXene solution at a temperature of 70°C. We tested the electrical properties of the resulting composite film, focusing on current density and specific capacitance. The measured current density values, corresponding to the different boiling times, were as follows: 0.000239 A/cm² for 30 minutes, 0.000307 A/cm² for 300 minutes, and 0.000320 A/cm² for 480 minutes. The specific capacitance values were 1.7005 F/g for 30 minutes, 1.9707 F/g for 300 minutes, and 2.0364 F/g for 480 minutes. The percentage increase in current density and specific capacitance values from 30 minutes to 300 minutes of boiling was 22% and 13.7%, respectively. For boiling from 300 to 480 minutes, the increase was 4.06% for current density and 3.22% for specific capacitance. These findings suggest that longer boiling times result in improved electrical properties. Subsequently, characteristic tests were performed, including XRD (X-ray diffraction) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) analyses. The XRD results indicated that longer boiling times caused a rightward shift of the diffraction peak with a narrower peak width, signifying increased crystallinity. The highest X-ray intensity was observed in the composite boiled for 480 minutes, with a power of 847.23 counts per second (cps) and a two-theta angle of 21.31°. Additionally, the smallest crystal size was achieved with a 480-minute boiling time, measuring 138.2851 Å. In the SEM analysis, it was evident that longer boiling times led to a higher fraction of MXene within the composite film.

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