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All Journal Jurnal Hukum Legalita Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat dan Riset Pendidikan
Subarkah, Amirah Dwi
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Humanities Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Mathematics Other

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Validitas Hukum Perjanjian Clickwrap dan Browsewrap dalam Transaksi E-commerce: Kajian Normatif terhadap Prinsip Konsensualisme Subarkah, Amirah Dwi; Gravionika, Elsa
Legalita Vol 6 No 2 (2024): Jurnal Hukum Legalita
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47637/legalita.v6i2.1783

Abstract

This study is situated within the field of civil law, focusing on the legal validity of clickwrap and browsewrap agreements in e-commerce transactions in Indonesia. The objective is to analyze the conformity of these electronic agreements with the principle of consensualism under national contract law. The topic was chosen due to the increasing use of digital agreements and the absence of comprehensive regulations governing them. The method employed is normative legal research with a juridical-analytical approach to relevant legislation, legal doctrines, and literature. The hypothesis posits that the legal validity of clickwrap and browsewrap agreements faces significant challenges due to misalignment with the principle of consensualism. The main findings indicate the necessity for clearer legal recognition and consumer protection to ensure these agreements function effectively as contractual instruments. This research contributes to strengthening the normative foundation for developing electronic agreement regulations in Indonesia. The results underscore the importance of legal reform to provide legal certainty for stakeholders in the rapidly evolving digital transaction landscape.
Mediasi Digital sebagai Upaya Perlindungan Konsumen dalam Sengketa E-Commerce: Antara Praktik dan Kekosongan Hukum di Indonesia Subarkah, Amirah Dwi; Gravionika, Elsa
Legalita Vol 7 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Hukum Legalita
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47637/legalita.v7i1.1784

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the legal recognition of digital mediation as a dispute resolution mechanism in e-commerce transactions in Indonesia. Amid the rapid growth of electronic commerce and the increasing potential for disputes between businesses and consumers, digital mediation emerges as a fast, efficient, and cost-effective alternative. This research employs a normative juridical method with a statutory and conceptual approach, analyzing secondary data such as laws and regulations, scholarly literature, and relevant court decisions. The findings indicate that while digital mediation practices have been implemented—especially by major e-commerce platforms—there is no legal framework that explicitly regulates the procedures, the validity of mediated agreements, or the legal protection for parties involved in digital mediation. This legal vacuum creates uncertainty and challenges in enforcing mediated settlements through litigation. The study concludes that there is an urgent need for regulatory reform that explicitly acknowledges and governs digital mediation, covering procedural standards, mediator ethics, and legal recognition of mediation outcomes within Indonesia’s civil law system. Keywords: digital mediation, e-commerce disputes, alternative dispute resolution, civil law, legal certainty
Transforming Energy Law for Climate Justice: Towards A Legal Framework of Just Energy Transition in Developing Countries: Penelitian Subarkah, Amirah Dwi; Husna, Nurlaili
Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat dan Riset Pendidikan Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat dan Riset Pendidikan Volume 4 Nomor 3 (Januari 202
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jerkin.v4i3.4701

Abstract

Indonesia's energy transition law remains fragmented and incoherent in supporting sustainability and the transition to a climate-just energy system. Despite increasing commitments to renewable energy, the absence of binding legal instruments, overlapping sectoral regulations, and weak public participation have led to legal uncertainty and institutional fragmentation. This study proposes a normative legal model to strengthen renewable energy governance through the precautionary principle and a just transition. Using normative juridical methods and legal, conceptual, and comparative approaches, the study analyzes Indonesian legal instruments and compares them with those of several ASEAN and Global South jurisdictions. The results indicate the absence of an integrated climate-energy governance framework that guarantees regulatory coherence, rights-based participation, and environmental protection. Therefore, it is recommended that a Renewable Energy Law be established based on climate justice and human rights, supported by cross-sectoral harmonization and mandatory sustainability impact assessments. This study emphasizes that law must function as a transformative instrument towards social and environmental justice and contribute theoretically and practically through an integrative legal model relevant to developing countries in the Global South.
Co-Authors Gravionika, Elsa Husna, Nurlaili