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Reversible Bilateral Basal Ganglia and Brainstem Lesions in Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report Situmeang, Rocksy Fransisca V; Stevano, Reza; Larope, Ekawaty Yasinta Yohana; Sutanto, Ratna
Medicinus Vol 11, No 2 (2022): February
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Pelita Harapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19166/med.v9i3.6976

The pathophysiology behind neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) remains poorly understood and its clinical and radiological manifestations are highly varied. In this report, we present a complex case of an adolescent female patient with a three-week history of systemic symptoms (fever, nausea, vomiting, weight-loss, polyarticular joint pain), progressive motor weakness, tremor, and altered mental status. Physical examination was significant for oromandibular and cervical dystonia rigidity, and general weakness with imposed right-sided hemiparesis. A head MRI demonstrated bilateral hyperintense lesions of the basal ganglia and brainstem, SS without restricted diffusion. The patient was diagnosed with NPSLE, lupus nephritis, electrolyte imbalance, severe hypoalbuminemia, lupus cardiomyopathy, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, pulmonary tuberculosis, and sepsis. The patient was given treatment in the ICU with pulse dose corticosteroids, intravenous antibiotics, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg), and supportive treatment with correction of hematologic and electrolyte abnormalities. Her condition improved rapidly. Full alertness was regained, and symptoms of oromandibular dystonia, tremor, and weakness diminished significantly. A follow-up MRI three weeks later revealed complete disappearance of lesions, which we attribute to resolution of the inflammatory process in the brain.

Reversible Bilateral Basal Ganglia and Brainstem Lesions in Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report Situmeang, Rocksy Fransisca V; Stevano, Reza; Larope, Ekawaty Yasinta Yohana; Sutanto, Ratna
Medicinus Vol. 11 No. 2 (2022): February
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Pelita Harapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19166/med.v9i3.6976

The pathophysiology behind neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) remains poorly understood and its clinical and radiological manifestations are highly varied. In this report, we present a complex case of an adolescent female patient with a three-week history of systemic symptoms (fever, nausea, vomiting, weight-loss, polyarticular joint pain), progressive motor weakness, tremor, and altered mental status. Physical examination was significant for oromandibular and cervical dystonia rigidity, and general weakness with imposed right-sided hemiparesis. A head MRI demonstrated bilateral hyperintense lesions of the basal ganglia and brainstem, SS without restricted diffusion. The patient was diagnosed with NPSLE, lupus nephritis, electrolyte imbalance, severe hypoalbuminemia, lupus cardiomyopathy, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, pulmonary tuberculosis, and sepsis. The patient was given treatment in the ICU with pulse dose corticosteroids, intravenous antibiotics, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg), and supportive treatment with correction of hematologic and electrolyte abnormalities. Her condition improved rapidly. Full alertness was regained, and symptoms of oromandibular dystonia, tremor, and weakness diminished significantly. A follow-up MRI three weeks later revealed complete disappearance of lesions, which we attribute to resolution of the inflammatory process in the brain.

Paradoxical Reaction in Tuberculous Meningitis and Tuberculoma: Diagnostic Challenges Following Incomplete Treatment Situmeang, Rocksy Fransisca V; Gabriella, Nadia
Jurnal Kedokteran Meditek Vol 31 No 6 (2025): NOVEMBER
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36452/jkdoktmeditek.v31i6.3856

Introduction: Exacerbation of clinical or radiological findings in tuberculous meningitis (TBM) may result from a paradoxical reaction (PR), an immune-mediated response occurring in 6–30% of cases during or after anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT). This case highlights the potential for PR to occur in the context of an incomplete ATT regimen. Case Illustration: A 20-year-old female presented with a 1-month history of headache, fever, double vision, nuchal rigidity, and bilateral abducens palsy. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed pleocytosis and elevated protein, while brain MRI demonstrated leptomeningeal enhancement with multiple tuberculomas. She received standard ATT (RHZE), but discontinued therapy before completion due to symptom resolution and medication burden. One year later, she developed altered sensorium and behavioral changes; MRI showed new tuberculomas with edema despite negative serology. A diagnosis of PR was made, and high-dose intravenous corticosteroids were administered, resulting in clinical and radiological improvement. Discussion: PR remains a diagnostic challenge, often mistaken for microbiological relapse, drug resistance, or treatment failure. It arises from a distinct immune response to mycobacterial antigens, distinguishing it from relapse or drug resistance. Conclusion: Clinicians should suspect PR in worsening TBM cases, even in the setting of incomplete ATT, to prevent misdiagnosis and initiate prompt treatment.

Non-motor Symptom Burden and Its Clinical Correlates in Parkinson’s Disease: A Cross-sectional Study in Indonesia Situmeang, Rocksy Fransisca V; Gabriella, Nadia
Jurnal Kedokteran Meditek Vol 32 No 4 (2026): JULI
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36452/jkdoktmeditek.v32i4.4204

Introduction: Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are increasingly recognized to have disabling impact on the quality of life of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, comparable to motor symptoms. However, their relationship with clinical and demographic factors remains obscure in local populations. Purpose: To determine the prevalence of NMS in idiopathic PD and evaluate their correlation with clinical variables, including disease duration, Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y) stage, and PD subtype. Methods: This cross-sectional study consecutively included idiopathic PD subjects evaluated between July-October 2025. Data collected included age, gender, age at onset, disease duration, H&Y stage, and PD subtype. NMS were assessed using the Indonesian version of Non-Motor Symptoms Questionnaire (NMS-Q). Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses performed. Results: Fifty-three subjects were included (mean age 66.9±10.5 years; 50.9% male). Median disease duration was 5 years (IQR 1–7.5), with majority in H&Y stage 2 (49%). Mean total NMS-Q score was 10.7±5.2. The most frequent NMS was urinary urgency (66%), with urinary domain being the most affected (64.2%). Total NMS-Q scores correlated with H&Y stage (r=0.427, p=0.001) and disease duration (r=0.309, p=0.025). Only H&Y stage independently predicted total NMS-Q scores (B=2.657, p=0.010). Conclusion: This study provides additional evidence from an Indonesian population using a standardized assessment tool, demonstrating that disease severity is an independent predictor of NMS burden, thus highlighting the importance of early and systematic evaluation of NMS in idiopathic PD.

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