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Energy Harvesting Technologies in Electric Vehicles and Applications in Sustainable Agricultural Transportation: A Review Divine Kobbi, Mbanwei; Henry Alombah , Njimboh; Martin Ngwa, Ngwabie
Journal of Renewable Energy and Mechanics Vol. 7 No. 02 (2024): REM VOL 7 NO 02 2024
Publisher : UIR PRESS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/rem.2024.17798

Abstract

The increasing challenges of energy depletion, environmental pollution, climate change, and agricultural transportation costs demand innovative solutions. Electric vehicles (EVs) offer a promising solution towards mitigating these issues through renewable energy sources. However, limited driving range remains a crucial barrier to their widespread adoption, particularly in environmentally friendly agricultural transportation. This review paper comprehensively analyzes energy harvesting technologies in electric vehicles and their application in agricultural transportation. The focus is on their potential to improve driving range and address the specific needs of farmers in terms of maximizing their income. Very few review articles have been published on maximum number of possibilities of harvesting energies in electric vehicles, application in agricultural transportation and future prospects for improvement. Existing and current literature was systematically reviewed on various energy harvesting techniques applicable to EVs, including solar energy harvesting, regenerative braking, aerodynamic (wind) energy recovery, and vibration energy harvesting through suspension systems which are all renewable energy sources. Their advantages, working principle, limitations, and recent advancements were critically discussed. All explored energy harvesting methods show the ability to extend EV driving range. However, solar energy and wind or aerodynamic energy harvesting in EVs are theoretically possible but still under research for practical applications due to lots of limitations. Regenerative braking and vibration energy harvesting show the most promising current applications. The Electrical or electromagnetic vibration energy harvesters produce better results over mechanical (hydraulic and pneumatic harvesters). When optimization is employed, better results were achieved. Research on the application of artificial intelligence based computer algorithms to optimize and produce the best amount of harvested energy in EVs will play a significant contribution in the adoption of EVs for sustainable agricultural transportation.
Modeling and simulation of magnet-coil arrays for vibrational energy harvesting in agricultural electric vehicles Divine Kobbi, Mbanwei; Alombah , Njimboh Henry; Ngwabie, Ngwa Martin
Journal of Energy, Mechanical, Material, and Manufacturing Engineering Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/jemmme.v9i2.36498

Abstract

Electric vehicles have advantages such as reduced maintenance and fuel costs compared to internal combustion engines. However, their limited driving range still hinders their widespread adoption compared to internal combustion engines. Harvesting wasted energies through vibrations in electric vehicles is a good approach to complement the energy of their batteries. Space constraints in electric vehicles require devices with high power output per unit volume. This study aimed to design a novel vibration energy harvesting using the geometrical model for electric vehicles. Different configurations and their performance in maximum flux linkage, electromagnetic coupling coefficient, induced voltage, and generated power were investigated. The modeling, excitement, and analysis were conducted using ANSYS Maxwell software with four configurations under similar conditions. These were the Halbach array with three magnets, one coil, and flat back shield; the Halbach array with three magnets and one coil with a stepped back shield; the double magnet array with two magnets, one coil, and flat back shield; and the fourth one was a double magnet array with two magnets, one coil and stepped back shield. The MATLAB Simulink software was used to obtain further results and power output analysis. The results of the analysis show that the Halbach array with three magnets, one coil, and a stepped-back shield is the best configuration for harvesting energy from vibrations, producing an electromagnetic coupling coefficient of up to 110 Wb/m, a voltage of up to 36 V, and generated power density of 0.13 W/cm. A reasonable increase in output using less volume was obtained compared to the other studies. The energy harvested will be applied in future studies to extend the range of agricultural electric vehicles, reducing farmers’ income spent on fuel and maintenance.