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All Journal Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Applied Science and Technology Research Journal Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Saadu, Murtala
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Physics Social Sciences Other

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In Vitro Antibacterial Activities of Selected Medicinal Plants Against Diarrhoea Causing Pathogens Saadu, Murtala; Kuta, Faruk Abubakar; Muhammed, Hadiza Lami; Wuna, Mohamed
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 1 No 2 (2023): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v1i2.1650

Abstract

Diarrhea has been a major cause of death, especially among children in developing countries. Traditional preparations of medicinal plants with antimicrobial activities have been extensively used in West African regions. This study was conducted to determine the antibacterial activities of selected medicinal plants against pathogens that cause diarrhea. Fresh leaves of three medicinal plants, namely Anogeissus leiocarpus, Vernonia amygdalina, and Piliostigma thonningii, were collected in Minna, Niger State. Pathogens causing diarrhea (Vibrio cholerae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella enterica serovar) were isolated and identified from stool samples of individuals suffering from diarrhea. The plant material was extracted using the maceration technique with methanol. The antibacterial effectiveness of the selected plant extracts was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined using the Broth tube dilution method, while the minimum bactericidal concentration was determined by plating out on nutrient agar plates with no visible growth. The results indicated that all plant extracts effectively suppressed the microbial growth of diarrhea-causing bacteria with varying potency. Among them, the extract of Anogeissus leiocarpus consistently exhibited the largest inhibitory zone diameters across all three bacterial strains at a concentration of 300 mg/mL (Vibrio cholerae: 32.33 mm, Klebsiella pneumoniae: 34.00 mm, and Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky: 36.33 mm). This extract can be considered the most active. For Anogeissus leiocarpus, the MIC values ranged from 0.19 to 0.96 mg/mL, and the MBC values ranged from 0.20 to 1.09 mg/mL. For Vernonia amygdalina, the MIC values ranged from 0.96 to 1.80 mg/mL, and the MBC values ranged from 1.20 to 1.920 mg/mL. The results of this study validate the traditional use of these plants in medicine. However, further studies, including the isolation and identification of active compounds would be necessary to fully understand the mechanisms behind the observed antimicrobial effects.
Unveiling the Roles of Microorganisms in Promoting Environmental Sustainability Muhammad, Shamsudeen Muhammad; Saadu, Murtala
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 1 No 1 (2023): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v1i1.1783

Abstract

The environment is described as the situations or factors that encircle an individual organism or a collection of organisms. Environmental sustainability refers to the responsible and balanced management of natural resources and ecosystems to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Microorganisms play a critical and multifaceted role in promoting environmental sustainability by participating in various ecological processes and functions. This paper explores the roles of microbes in maintaining environmental sustainability. Microbes, encompassing bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists, and viruses, exhibit remarkable functional diversity across diverse habitats, allowing them to contribute to key environmental challenges. The challenges facing environmental sustainability, include climate change, biodiversity loss, resource depletion, pollution, deforestation, and lack of public awareness on environmental issues. Microbes contribute significantly to addressing these challenges through nutrient cycling, bioremediation, waste management, renewable energy production, climate change mitigation, ecosystem health maintenance, and enhancing agriculture and food security. The capabilities of microbes provide promising avenues for creating a more sustainable future. By elucidating the contributions of microbes to environmental sustainability, this paper underscores their pivotal role in shaping resilient and balanced ecosystems for present and future generations. As we strive for a more sustainable future, harnessing the potential of these tiny yet powerful creatures can significantly contribute to achieving a harmonious coexistence between humanity and the natural world. Further research is needed to investigate ways to engineer and optimize microbial processes for enhanced nutrient cycling, bioremediation, and waste management.
Antibacterial Activities and Synergistic Effect of the Bioactive Compounds of Selected Medicinal Plants Against Diarrhoea-Causing Pathogens Saadu, Murtala; Adabara, Nasiru Usman; Kuta, Faruk Abubakar; Muhammed, Hadiza Lami; Wuna, Mohamed
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 1 No 1 (2023): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v1i1.1818

Abstract

In this study, the antimicrobial properties and toxicological effects of Anogeissus leiocarpus and Khaya senegalensis, two traditional medicinal plants from West Africa, were investigated against diarrhea-causing pathogens. Cold maceration was used to prepare extracts from the plants. Anogeissus leiocarpus yielded 22.87g of extract, while Khaya senegalensis yielded 13.94g. Both plant crude extracts exhibited varying degrees of antibacterial activity against Vibrio cholerae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella enterica serovar at different concentrations. A. leiocarpus and K. senegalensis showed the highest antibacterial activity, with significantly higher zones of inhibition at all concentrations against all test organisms. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for A. leiocarpus ranged from 0.10 to 0.96 mg/mL, while the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) ranged from 0.10 to 1.09 mg/mL. For K. senegalensis, MIC ranged from 0.96 to 1.80 mg/mL, and MBC ranged from 1.02 to 1.92 mg/mL. Fractionation of the most active crude extracts resulted in the highest yields in the n-Hexane fractions for both A. leiocarpus and K. senegalensis. Significant differences were observed in the antibacterial activity of these fractions. K. senegalensis fractions and A. leiocarpus n-Hexane fraction showed the highest activity against V. cholerae, while the ethyl acetate fraction of K. senegalensis exhibited significant activity against K. pneumoniae. The aqueous fraction of A. leiocarpus displayed the highest activity against Salmonella, whereas none of the K. senegalensis fractions were active against Salmonella. Antibacterial activity of K. senegalensis ethyl acetate and A. leiocarpus n-Hexane and aqueous column chromatography fractions against the test organisms was concentration-dependent, with the highest antimicrobial activity observed at 200 mg/mL concentration. Importantly, there were no significant differences in the body weights of experimental animals across all groups. In conclusion, A. leiocarpus and K. senegalensis extracts and their fractions demonstrated promising antimicrobial properties against diarrhea-causing pathogens. These findings support their traditional medicinal use in West Africa and suggest their potential as natural remedies for combating bacterial infections.
Antibacterial Activity of Piliostigma thonningii Leaf Extract against Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from Urine Samples Muhammad Muhammad, Shamsudeen; Saadu, Murtala; Musa, Isah; Aishat Motunrayo, Titilope
APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY REASERCH JOURNAL Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Applied Science and Technology Research Journal
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Mayarakat (LPPM) Universitas PGRI Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31316/astro.v4i1.7925

Abstract

The rise of antibiotic-resistant uropathogens has intensified the search for alternative antimicrobial agents, particularly from medicinal plants. Piliostigma thonningii, traditionally used to treat infections in African ethnomedicine, was investigated for its antibacterial efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria isolated from urine samples. Urine samples were collected and cultured on MacConkey agar. Pure isolates were subjected to Gram staining and a series of biochemical tests for identification following standard protocols. Crude leaf extracts of P. thonningii were prepared and subjected to phytochemical screening. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the agar well diffusion method at 100–400 mg/mL concentrations, with ciprofloxacin (10 µg) serving as a reference standard. Escherichia coli was the most prevalent isolate (51.43%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (28.57%) and Enterobacter cloacae (20.00%). Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and terpenoids. The extract demonstrated dose-dependent antibacterial activity, with the highest inhibition against E. coli (23.0 ± 4.79 mm at 400 mg/mL). Although ciprofloxacin showed superior activity, the plant extract exhibited considerable zones of inhibition, particularly at higher concentrations. The study supports the traditional use of P. thonningii for treating bacterial infections and highlights its potential as a source of bioactive compounds. Further studies are needed to isolate active constituents, evaluate toxicity, and validate efficacy through in vivo models.
Co-Authors Adabara, Nasiru Usman Aishat Motunrayo, Titilope Kuta, Faruk Abubakar Muhammad Muhammad, Shamsudeen Muhammad, Shamsudeen Muhammad Muhammed, Hadiza Lami Musa, Isah Wuna, Mohamed