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All Journal International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI)
Srinivasaiah, Raghavendra
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Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering

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Reinforcement learning strategies using Monte-Carlo to solve the blackjack problem Srinivasaiah, Raghavendra; Biju, Vinai George; Jankatti, Santosh Kumar; Channegowda, Ravikumar Hodikehosahally; Jinachandra, Niranjana Shravanabelagola
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 14, No 1: February 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v14i1.pp904-910

Abstract

Blackjack is a classic casino game in which the player attempts to outsmart the dealer by drawing a combination of cards with face values that add up to just under or equal to 21 but are more incredible than the hand of the dealer he manages to come up with. This study considers a simplified variation of blackjack, which has a dealer and plays no active role after the first two draws. A different game regime will be modeled for everyone to ten multiples of the conventional 52-card deck. Irrespective of the number of standard decks utilized, the game is played as a randomized discrete-time process. For determining the optimum course of action in terms of policy, we teach an agent-a decision maker-to optimize across the decision space of the game, considering the procedure as a finite Markov decision chain. To choose the most effective course of action, we mainly research Monte Carlo-based reinforcement learning approaches and compare them with q-learning, dynamic programming, and temporal difference. The performance of the distinct model-free policy iteration techniques is presented in this study, framing the game as a reinforcement learning problem.
Detection and identification of un-uniformed shape text from blurred video frames Channegowda, Ravikumar Hodikehosahally; Srinivasaiah, Raghavendra; Jankatti, Santosh Kumar; B, Meenakshi; Jinachandra, Niranjana Shravanabelagola; Tavarekere Hombegowda, Raveendra Kumar
IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) Vol 13, No 4: December 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijai.v13.i4.pp4795-4805

Abstract

The identification and recognition of text from video frames have received a lot of attention recently, that makes many computer vision-based applications conceivable. In this study, we modify the picture mask and the original identification of the mask region convolution neural network and permit detection in three levels, including holistic, sequence, and at the level of pixels. To identify the texts and determine the text forms, semantics at the pixel and holistic levels can be used. With masking and detection, existences of the character and the word are separated and recognised. In addition, text detection using the results of 2-D feature space instance segmentation is done. Moreover, we explore text recognition using an attention-based optical character recognition (OCR) method with mask region convolution neural networks (R-CNN) to address and detect the problem of smaller and blurrier texts at the sequential level. Using attribute maps of the word occurrences in sequence to seq, the OCR method calculates the character sequence. At last, a fine-grained learning strategy is proposed to constructs models at word level using the annotated datasets, resulting in the training of a more precise and reliable model. The well-known benchmark datasets ICDAR 2013 and ICDAR 2015 are used to test our suggested methodology.
Change detection and classification of satellite images using convolutional neural network Srinivasaiah, Raghavendra; Kumar Jankatti, Santosh; Ramanna Lamani, Manjunath; Jinachandra, Niranjana Shravanabelagola
IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) Vol 15, No 1: February 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijai.v15.i1.pp329-337

Abstract

Satellite and airborne imagery, collectively known as earth observation imagery, are images of the earth collected from spaceborne or airborne platforms such as satellites and aircraft. Over the last 100 years, with the fast development of aviation, space exploration, and imaging technologies, the coming together of these technologies has been inevitable. Earth observation imagery has many applications in regional planning, geology, reconnaissance, fishing, meteorology, oceanography, agriculture, biodiversity conservation, forestry, landscape, intelligence, cartography, education, and warfare. With the rise in the number of these airborne and spaceborne imaging platforms being deployed by government and private entities alike, the capability to sift through and analyze vast amounts of data generated by these platforms is the need of the hour. With the exponential improvement in the computational capabilities of computers over the last half a century, analysts are exceedingly moving towards the practice of artificial intelligence, machine learning (ML), and computer vision solutions to automate a large part of the processes employed in analyzing earth observation imagery. This work recommends a workflow to perceive and classify changes in earth observation imagery of a given area by utilizing the vast flexibility that convolutional neural networks (CNN) provide.
Attribute optimization to improve breast cancer prediction using machine learning techniques Srinivasaiah, Raghavendra; Kumar Jankatti, Santosh; Shravanabelagola Jinachandra, Niranjana; Ramanna Lamani, Manjunath; Vijaya Lakshmi, Bellam; Bhelwa, Rishita
IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) Vol 15, No 2: April 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijai.v15.i2.pp1327-1338

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) arises when cells grow out of control. It affects women more than men. Seeking cancer treatment can be both costly and time consuming, with test results spanning from a few hours to several weeks. The duration of these tests depends on the number of attributes within the dataset. This research paper endeavors to optimize the dataset attributes and find the accuracy of the optimized dataset. The primary goal is to reduce features using recursive feature elimination to minimize the time taken for the test result. This work discusses the machine learning technique and the random forest (RF) algorithm, which helps determine the parameter accuracy on the Wisconsin BC diagnostic dataset. The method achieves an accuracy of 96.49% with only eighteen attributes. It has aided the healthcare industry in finding BC in less time and improving the treatment.
NN-SVM: a hybrid neural network–support vector machine framework for accurate pneumonia detection from chest X-rays Jankatti, Santosh Kumar; Srinivasaiah, Raghavendra; Shahina Parveen, Mohammad; H. Kenchannavar, Harish; Sudha, Danthuluri; Karigiri Narah, Srihari Sharma; Shivaraj, Mahadev
IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) Vol 15, No 2: April 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijai.v15.i2.pp1349-1361

Abstract

We present neural network (NN)–support vector machine (SVM), hybrid NN-SVM framework for three-class pneumonia detection (normal, bacterial, and viral) from chest X-rays (CXRs). Pretrained NN backbone is fine-tuned for radiographic textures; global average pooling (GAP) yields embeddings that feed calibrated radial basis function (RBF)-SVM. Standardized preprocessing (resize, normalization) and class-aware augmentation are applied. We report accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, area under the curve (AUC), confusion matrices, and per-class receiver operating characteristic (ROC). Statistical significance is assessed via DeLong (AUC), McNemar (accuracy), and paired bootstrap (F1-score). Gradient-weighted class activation mapping (grad-CAM) supports interpretability; external validation and domain adaptation (batch normalization re-estimation and temperature scaling) assess robustness. NN-SVM attains 97.46% accuracy with strong macro-F1 and AUC. Compared with SoftMax head, SVM improves margin separation and calibration. We present NN-SVM, hybrid deep learning approach that combines transfer-learned convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with SVM classifier to automatically diagnose pneumonia from CXRs into three clinically relevant categories: viral pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, and normal. We use pre-trained CNN to extract robust image embeddings after standardized preprocessing (resizing and normalization) and train RBF-kernel SVM on resulting features. Performance is evaluated with accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and confusion matrices. On labeled CXR dataset, NN-SVM achieves 97.46% accuracy, demonstrating strong diagnostic capability that can reduce radiologist burden and support timely clinical decision-making.
Co-Authors B, Meenakshi Bhelwa, Rishita Biju, Vinai George Channegowda, Ravikumar Hodikehosahally H. Kenchannavar, Harish Jankatti, Santosh Kumar Jinachandra, Niranjana Shravanabelagola Karigiri Narah, Srihari Sharma Kumar Jankatti, Santosh Ramanna Lamani, Manjunath Shahina Parveen, Mohammad Shivaraj, Mahadev Shravanabelagola Jinachandra, Niranjana Sudha, Danthuluri Tavarekere Hombegowda, Raveendra Kumar Vijaya Lakshmi, Bellam