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Local Fourier features for handwriting digit images classification Alain Bernard, Djimeli-Tsajio; Thierry, Noulamo; Jean-Pierre, Lienou T.; Daniel, Tchiotsop; Nagabhushan, Panduranga
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 14, No 3: June 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v14i3.pp2592-2601

Abstract

Multiple choice questions (MCQ) are effective in normative assessment and offline testing is still relevant due to the lack of efficient mass infrastructures and maintenance. For the automatic correction of MCQ paper form and reporting of the grade, it is generally necessary to read and recognize a handwriting digit in a box. This paper focuses on local feature extraction in the frequency domain using Fourier transform. The pre-process begins with the extraction of the fields from the entity map, followed by the application of 2D fast Fourier transform (2DFFT) and the reduction of computed coefficients to obtain the corresponding final local characteristic in the representation. The experimental results of the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) handwriting digits dataset show that the local characteristics extracted in the frequency domain used as input to a support vector machine (SVM) classifier are efficient in terms of 99.51% accuracy. The proposed system successfully helped in the reporting of all the marks for seven subjects in a class of 98 students during the automatic correction of the MCQ exam papers.
A paper-based cheat-resistant multiple-choice question system with automated grading Jean-Pierre, LienouLienou T.; Bernard, Djimeli-Tsajio Alain; Thierry, Noulamo; Bernard, Fotsing Talla
International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) Vol 13, No 4: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijere.v13i4.28324

Abstract

This paper focuses on how to reduce cheating and minimize errors while automatically grading paper-based multiple-choice questions (MCQ) by making the whole process relatively fast, less expensive, more credible, and fairer especially when the number of examinees and number of questions are large. Credibility is obtained when techniques and best practices are introduced in the design process of MCQ. Fairness is obtained by personalizing evaluation through permutation of answers and questions. The distance introduced in personalization has led to the modification of the traditional automatic grading process where an application mapping the test number with its responses in the grading software is loaded automatically at each start of the grading process. On the extracted header fields, 2DFFT is applied as well as the reduction of computed coefficients to obtain the corresponding final local characteristic in the representation. The minimization of image processing errors is then obtained by training a support vector machine (SVM) for handwriting optical character recognition (OCR) using the Mixed National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) dataset with 99.5% accuracy. The tests are carried out in several subjects at Fotso Victor University Institute of Technology (UIT) in Bandjoun and the ColTech of the University of Bamenda and teachers as well as students after investigation have confirmed that our method reduces cheating and improves the error rate during grading with fewer complaints.