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All Journal International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Mohd Huzir, Siti Mariatul Hazwa
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Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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Agarwood oil quality identification using artificial neural network modelling for five grades Mohd Huzir, Siti Mariatul Hazwa; Tajuddin, Saiful Nizam; Mohd Yusoff, Zakiah; Ismail, Nurlaila; Almisreb, Ali Abd; Taib, Mohd Nasir
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 14, No 2: April 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v14i2.pp2254-2261

Abstract

Agarwood (Aquilaria Malaccensis) oil stands out as one of the most valuable and highly sought-after oils with a hefty price tag due to its widespread use of fragrances, incense, perfumes, ceremonial practices, medicinal applications and as a symbol of luxury. However, nowadays the conventional method that rely on color alone has its limitations as it yields varying results depending on individual panelists' experiences. Hence, the quality identification system of Agarwood oil using its chemical compounds had been proposed in this study to enhance the precision of the Agarwood oil grades thus addressing the shortcomings of traditional methods. This study indicates that the primary chemical compounds of Agarwood oil encompass ɤ-Eudesmol, ar-curcumene, β-dihydroagarofuran, ϒ-cadinene, α-agarofuran, allo-aromadendrene epoxide, valerianol, α-guaiene, 10-epi-ɤ-eudesmol, β-agarofuran and dihydrocollumellarin. This study employed artificial neural network analysis with the implementation of Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm to identify the Agarwood oil grades. The study's findings revealed that this modeling system of five grades got 100% accuracies with mean square error of 0.14338×10-08. Notably, this lowest mean square error (MSE) value falls within the best hidden neuron 3. These study outcomes play a pivotal role in highlighting the Levenberg Marquardt- artificial neural network (LM-ANN) modeling that contribute to the successful of Agarwood oil quality identification using its chemical compounds.
Pattern analysis on Aquilaria Malaccensis using machine learning Hasnu Al-Hadi, Anis Hazirah 'Izzati; Mohd Huzir, Siti Mariatul Hazwa; Zaidi, Amir Hussairi; Ismail, Nurlaila; Mohd Yusoff, Zakiah; Haron, Mohamad Hushnie; Taib, Mohd Nasir
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 1: February 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i1.5562

Abstract

Aquilaria Malaccensis was found to generate agarwood. Because of its multiple benefits, agarwood essential oil, sometimes known as “black gold” is highly regarded universally. There is currently no accepted method for classifying various grades of agarwood essential oil. Due to the fact that the agarwood essential oil is assessed using a human sensory panel, the existing grading method is ineffective. Since different people may have different viewpoints on how to grade agarwood essential oil, it is not practical to apply the method universally. Several innovative methods for determining the classification of agarwood essential oil have been proposed and put into practise as a result of advanced technology. The study has constructed a pattern analysis on different grades of agarwood essential oil using 2D scatter plot. The results successfully indicate the scatter plots are scattered groupedly.
Pre-processing technique of Aquilaria species from Malaysia for four different qualities Mohd Huzir, Siti Mariatul Hazwa; Hasnu Al-Hadi, Anis Hazirah 'Izzati; Zaidi, Amir Hussairi; Ismail, Nurlaila; Mohd Yusoff, Zakiah; Haron, Mohamad Hushni; Almisreb, Ali Abd; Taib, Mohd Nasir
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 1: February 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i1.5577

Abstract

The paper interprets data distribution by using boxplot pre-processing in classify the quality of Agarwood oil for eleven chemical substances into four different qualities. The varieties usage of Agarwood oil makes it considered as an expensive and valuable product on the essential oil market. Perfumes, fragrances, incense, aromatherapy, and traditional medicine are the most popular Agarwood oil applications. However, the classification of Agarwood oil grades does not yet have standard grading method. This because it has been graded manually into different qualities by using human sensory evaluation. Boxplot analysis involving eleven chemical subtances that will be focusing in this study by concerned the quality for low, medium low, medium high and high. ɤ-eudesmol, ar-curcumene, β-dihydro agarofuran, ϒ-cadinene, α-agarofuran, allo aromadendrene epoxide, valerianol, α-guaiene, 10-epi-ɤ-eudesmol, β-agarofuran, and dihydrocollumellarin compounds are the selected significant compounds that represent the input for boxplot. Agarwood oil consist 660 data samples from low, medium low, medium high, and high quality. The result in this study showed that the four selected significant compounds (ɤ-eudesmol, 10-epi-ɤ-eudesmol, β-agarofuran, and dihydrocollumellarin) are important as a marker for Agarwood oil quality classification. The identification of chemical substances on high quality done as reference for future research studies.
Boxplot analysis of 4 grade agarwood essential oil for various grades Hasnu Al-Hadi, Anis Hazirah 'Izzati; Mohd Amidon, Aqib Fawwaz; Mohd Huzir, Siti Mariatul Hazwa; Ismail, Nurlaila; Mohd Yusoff, Zakiah; Tajuddin, Saiful Nizam; Taib, Mohd Nasir
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 29, No 1: January 2023
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i1.pp238-244

Abstract

Agarwood essential oil is used in most perfumery ingredients, as an incense and in traditional medical preparations. Agarwood essential oil, called "Black Gold," is extremely valued to the global community due to its numerous benefits. As of now, there is still no standard technique of grading different grades of agarwood essential oil. The current grading technique is inefficient since the agarwood essential oil is graded by using human sensory panel. Different people might have different perspective on grading the agarwood essential oil hence, the technique is not practical to adapt it globally. Due to the current technology, numerous intelligent techniques for verifying the grades of agarwood essential oil have been proposed and implemented. The study has conducted a statistical analysis on 4 grade agarwood essential oil using boxplot. Boxplot analysis summarizes the abundances for each chemical compounds from four different grades of agarwood essential oil with a high grade as a reference. This study shows the analysis of boxplot investigated 10-epi-δ-eudesmol, α-agarofuran, β-agarofuran, δ-eudesmol and dihydrocollumellarin as most important chemical compounds in high grade of agarwood essential oil. The chemical compounds that have been identified in high grade of agarwood essential oil can be a reference for future research studies.
Co-Authors Almisreb, Ali Abd Haron, Mohamad Hushni Haron, Mohamad Hushnie Hasnu Al-Hadi, Anis Hazirah 'Izzati Ismail, Nurlaila Mohd Amidon, Aqib Fawwaz Mohd Nasir Taib Mohd Yusoff, Zakiah Tajuddin, Saiful Nizam Zaidi, Amir Hussairi