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All Journal Scientific Journal of Dermatology and Venereology Scientific Journal of Pediatrics
Putra, Reza Agustiantwo
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Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Analysis of Risk Factors for Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) in Newborns: A Systematic Literature Review Putra, Reza Agustiantwo
Scientific Journal of Pediatrics Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Scientific Journal of Pediatrics
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjped.v2i1.97

Abstract

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious condition in newborns involving inflammation and intestinal necrosis. A number of risk factors have been identified, which complexly interact and contribute to the development of this condition. An in-depth understanding of these risk factors has major implications for the prevention, diagnosis and management of NEC in newborns. Babies born prematurely, especially before 32 weeks' gestation, have a higher risk of developing NEC. Low birth weight, regardless of prematurity status, remains a significant independent risk factor. Imbalances in blood circulation, especially in the intestines, can increase the risk of NEC. Hypotension and other medical conditions that affect blood flow to the intestines can be potential triggers. Infection and inflammation, both systemic and local, play a central role in the development of NEC. Bacterial contamination in the digestive tract can trigger an inflammatory response that contributes to the pathophysiological process of NEC. Formula feeding, especially in premature infants, is associated with an increased risk of NEC. The importance of providing exclusive breastfeeding and introducing foods slowly to protect the newborn's intestinal health. Excessive use of antibiotics or without clear indications can change the balance of intestinal microflora and increase the risk of NEC. The importance of judicious selection and use of antibiotics to minimize negative impacts on gut health.
The Role of Innate Immunity against Mycobacterium Leprae: A Systematic Literature Review Putra, Reza Agustiantwo
Scientific Journal of Dermatology and Venereology Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Scientific Journal of Dermatology and Venereology
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjdv.v1i2.47

Abstract

Introduction: Innate immunity is the body's defense system that exists from birth and is the body's first defense against infection. This system involves multiple defense mechanisms that work together to recognize, deter, and respond to pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. In the context of Mycobacterium leprae, the role of the innate immune system is very important because this bacterium has unique pathogenic properties and is capable of infecting human body cells in complex ways. Methods: The literature search process was carried out on various databases (PubMed, Web of Sciences, EMBASE, Cochrane Libraries, and Google Scholar) regarding the role of innate immunity against Mycobacterium leprae. This study follows the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) recommendations. Results: One of the main aspects of the role of the innate immune system against Mycobacterium leprae is the recognition of this pathogen by phagocytic cells, such as macrophages. Mycobacterium leprae evades recognition and destruction by these cells in a number of ways, including cell surface modification of the immune response. Conclusion: The innate immunity response plays a significant role in the response to Mycobacterium leprae infection. Innate immunity acts as an initial and fast response to mitigate the Mycobacterium leprae infection from getting more massive.
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