Parentsâ views, beliefs, and experiences greatly affect childrenâs attitudes toward education. The research aimed to identify the parentsâ perception in the past, present, and their desired priorities in science education as well as investigated the adolescentsâ perceptions based on gender and academic performance on science. As a survey study, this research relied on a questionnaire as the primary method of data collection which the data gained then was analysed by using statistical descriptive (percentage). The results showed that the priorities in education have shifted toward physics and chemistry in recent decades. Moreover, biology and earth science were found to be perceived as âeasyâ and âsecondaryâ areas in comparison to the âsuperiorâ ones (physics and chemistry). This has been strengthened by the critical situation for earth science, as the education system of Japan often does not al low the students to select it. Thus, the parents wished for a more balanced system. There was a difference in adolescentsâ perceptions of science areas based on gender and academic performance. Physics and chemistry were associated with boys and top performers, while biology and earth science were supposed to âfitâ girls and low performers.