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Dispute over the 1974 MoU Box between Indonesia and Australia: How MoU Legally Binding in Two Countries? Noviana Putri, Salwa; Fazari, Ariq; Ari Widodo, Nico; Fatahillah, Faishal; Dwinugraha, Satria
Ikatan Penulis Mahasiswa Hukum Indonesia Law Journal Vol 4 No 1 (2024): January-June, 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ipmhi.v4i1.76236

Abstract

This study aims to delineate the legal authority of Memorandum of Understanding (MoUs) within the jurisdictions of Indonesia and Australia, particularly concerning the resolution of international civil law disputes. The research employs a normative juridical approach, utilizing legal reviews and secondary data for support. The findings reveal that in civil law states, notably Indonesia, MoUs are regarded as binding agreements in accordance with the "Agreement is Agreement" perspective as per Article 1338 (1) of the Civil Code. Conversely, common law states, such as Australia, generally perceive MoUs as non-legally binding. However, an MoU may attain validity and binding status if it fulfills the six stipulated requirements outlined in Australian contract law. To address the dispute surrounding the 1974 MoU BOX between Indonesia and Australia, resolution options include examining international civil law rules based on primary and secondary links or resorting to an international arbitral tribunal.
Perbandingan konsep Hukum Kepailitan Amerika (Chapter 11) dan Hukum Kepailitan Indonesia Fatahillah, Faishal; Winanti, Atik
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 6 No. 3 (2023): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v6i3.7906

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to analyze the differences in the implementation of a legal system between the Bankruptcy Law system in America and in Indonesia, specifically regarding PKPU in Indonesia based on Law no. 37 of 2004 and Company Reorganization based on Chapter 11 US Bankruptcy Code in America. This research needs to be carried out because there are several opinions that the bankruptcy law in Indonesia does not provide sufficient protection to debtors who have good intentions, because currently there is a tendency to interpret bankruptcy as the same as liquidation. The method used in this research is juridical-normative with a conceptual approach and a comparative approach. The research is more focused on comparing the effectiveness and application of the United States bankruptcy law system and the Indonesian bankruptcy law system, which has not been explained comprehensively in previous research. The results of this research show that there are differences between PKPU as a concept in Bankruptcy Law in Indonesia, and the concept of Company Reorganization in Bankruptcy Law in America. From the research results, it is explained that company reorganization is also part of debt restructuring in the PKPU concept, where by reorganizing, companies can analyze the causes of their financial difficulties so they can immediately find the best solution. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis terakit perbedaan pelaksanaan suatu sistem hukum antara sistem Hukum Kepailitan di Amerika dengan di Indonesia tepatnya mengenai PKPU di Indonesia berdasarkan UndangUndang No. 37 Tahun 2004 dan Reorganisasi Perusahaan berdasarkan Chapter 11 US Bankruptcy Code di Amerika. Penelitian ini perlu dilakukan karena terdapat beberapa pendapat bahwa Undang-Undang kepailitan di Indonesia belum memberikan perlindungan yang cukup kepada debitur yang beriktikad baik, karena yang berkembang sampai sekarang ini terdapat kecenderungan mengartikan pailit sama dengan likuidasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berbentuk yuridis-normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan perbandingan. Penelitian lebih difokuskan pada perbandingan efektivitas dan penerapan sistem hukum kepailitan Amerika Serikat dan sistem hukum kepailitan Indonesia yang mana hal ini belum dijelaskan secara komprehensif dalam penelitian terdahulu. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan antara PKPU sebagai sebuah konsep dalam Hukum Kepailitan di Indonesia, dengan konsep reorganisasi perusahaan dalam Hukum Kepailitan di Amerika. Dari hasil penelitian dijelaskan bahwa reorganisasi perusahaan juga menjadi bagian dari restrukturisasi utang dalam konsep PKPU yang mana dengan reorganisasi, perusahaan dapat menganalisis penyebab kesulitan keuangannya sehingga bisa dengan segera menemukan solusi terbaik.