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Teka, Kassa
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Traditional gold mining in the highlands of Ethiopia: Its effect on soil loss and possible reclamation measures Zenebe, Meaza; Birhane, Emiru; Teka, Kassa; Haile, Mitiku; Tadesse, Tewodros; Taye, Gebeyehu
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 11 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2024.113.5565

Abstract

Traditional gold mining (TGM) is among the off-farm income sources of smallholder communities in the highlands of Ethiopia. However, information on their impact on land degradation, taking soil loss as a key indicator, was scant. Hence, this study aimed at i) analyzing local communities’ attitudes toward TGM practice, ii) TGM impact on soil loss, and iii) possible restoration measures for the degraded gold-mined landscapes. For the evaluation of community perceptions, 96 beneficiaries were selected from three gold mining sites following stratified random sampling techniques. Soil loss measurement was done through measurement of i) the mass of soil excavated and transported to the river (TR) from 96 individuals and ii) soil volume excavated in 45 excavated soil pits (EP). Descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze soil loss data, while community perception was analyzed qualitatively. The survey results indicated that the average soil loss from TR and EP were 6,075.97±8.9 t ha-1 yr-1 and 32,549.99±753.68 t ha-1, respectively. The magnitude of soil loss also showed a significant (p<0.001) difference among the three sites. Due to a lack of awareness and hiding the reality, most of the gold miners believe that TGM practice has no negative impact on the soil resource, and no post-mined reclamation strategy is implemented. It can be concluded that the existing TGM practices are not done in an environmentally friendly approach and result in adverse soil loss. Hence, stabilizing the topography of the mined sites via backfilling of mined pits and topsoil conservation and amendment measures can be suggested.
Effects of Land Use and Land Cover Change on Soil Organic Carbon Stock in Jira Watershed, Mid-Lands of Northern Ethiopia. Assefa, Guesh; Taye, Gebeyehu; Teka, Kassa
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 12 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2025.124.8433

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Socioeconomic activities and natural environmental changes are the main drivers of land use and land cover (LULC) changes worldwide and this directly affects the amount of soil organic carbon (SOC) stock. Though LULC affects the amount of SOC stocks and fluxes, the mid-lands of Tigray are less studied and represented. In this study, an attempt has been made to determine the effects of LULC change on SOC at watershed scale in the Central Tigray, Northern mid-lands of Ethiopia. Geographically the study area is found in Kola Tembien district, which is about 125 km away from Mekelle, the capital city of Tigray to the west. Five LULC types (cropland, grazing land, forest land, shrub/bush land and settlement) were identified. Nine composite and undisturbed soil samples at a depth of 20 cm and 10 cm respectively were collected randomly from each LULC type. Analysis of LULC change has been undertaken using satellite images of Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 (OLI) with 30 m spatial resolution in ArcGIS10.3 and ERDAS Imagine14. One-way ANOVA was used for SOC analysis among LULC types. The analysis has showed that LULC change was undertaken in Jira watershed during the last 30 years (1987-2017). The highest SOC concentration was observed in forest land and the lowest was observed in cropland in all studied years. The amount of SOC concentration between each LULC types during all study years was significantly different at p < 0.05 except, cropland and grazing land in 1987 and grazing land and shrub/bush land in all study years. Change in LULC has affected the amount of SOC stock in the LULC types. For example, 18.7 t/ha of SOC was gained during the last 30 years due to the conversion of grazing land into forest land. During the thirty years interval (1987-2017) a total of 714.7 ton of SOC stock was gained due to the conversion of the land uses and management interventions. The highest SOC was gained due to the conversion of grazing land in to forest land (2007-2017) which has offered a total of 635.53 ton of SOC. A model was created to predict SOC of similar environments by using the observed SOC and NDVI values of the 2017 LULC types. Finally, the study concluded that the LULC change has affected the amount of SOC stock in the watershed and it is better to increase coverage of forest lands to store more organic carbon in the soil.
Co-Authors Assefa, Guesh Birhane, Emiru Haile, Mitiku Tadesse, Tewodros Taye, Gebeyehu Zenebe, Meaza