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Biodegradation of sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) contamination by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates AL-Zamili, Hussein Ali Awadh; Al-Mayaly, Ithar Kamil
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 11 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2024.114.6319

Abstract

Sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) is a surfactant commonly used in the formulation of detergents, which is typically disposed of in wastewater treatment plants. The current study describes the effectiveness of bacteria isolated from Iraqi wastewater to remove SLES. 16S rRNA genetic analysis revealed that this strain is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Three temperatures (30, 35, and 40oC) and pH values (5,7, and 9) were chosen for this study, and three concentrations of SLES (25, 50, and 100 mg/L) were used. The SLES anionic surfactant showed that the best biodegradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was at a temperature of 30oC and both pH 7 and 9, while the removal percentages for them were 98.44% and 96.36%, respectively, at 25 mg/L of SLES. The outcomes of this study revealed the potential and significance of SLES removal in actual effluents by aerobic biodegradation. The ability of this bacterium to degrade SLES makes the bacterium an important tool for bioremediation.
Effect of water pollution by zinc on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) biochemical parameters and glutathione peroxidase and metallothionein gene expression AL-Zamili, Hussein Ali Awadh; Hameed, Sadik
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 12 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2025.124.8315

Abstract

Zinc is considered an essential mineral, in addition to being a toxic metal that causes serious diseases in humans and animals. Fingerlings of Cyprinus carpio were acquired from a nearby fish hatchery. The experimental fish's morphometric features were noted. All fish were stocked, regardless of gender. The fish were exposed to different concentrations (75, 100, 125, 150, and 175 mg/L) of Zn to obtain the LC50 for 96 hr. The median lethal concentration of Zn was 150 mg/L through 96 hours. As recorded, the fish were exposed to three safe concentrations, 10 mg/L, 30 mg/L and 50 mg/L. The results after 3 and 6 weeks were as follows: When compared to the control groups, all treated groups had significantly higher levels of ALT, AST, and MDA. While catalase was lower than control in some treated groups, GPX results were substantially higher in all treatment groups compared to control groups, and the concentration of MT increased in the treated groups. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and metallothionein (MT) gene expression in the blood are markers for metal pollution and abiotic stressors. These changes are trustworthy indications of the cellular and humoral immune responses in Cyprinus carpio. Blood levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and metallothionein (MT) signal exposure to metals and other environmental stresses. These alterations in Cyprinus carpio are reliable markers of the humoral and cellular immune responses.
Groundwater quality assessment and suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes in the Jassan District, eastern Iraq Al-Mayyahi, Sattar Obaid Maiws; Al-Zamili, Hussein Ali Awadh
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.131.9095

Abstract

Sustainable development in semi-arid and dry regions relies on maintaining freshwater resources, which necessitates thoughtful management of groundwater. Groundwater quality for irrigation and drinking in the Iraqi city of Jassan was evaluated in this study using the following methods: hydrogeochemical ion analysis, water quality standard comparison, the Water Quality Index (WQI), the Pollution Index of Groundwater (PIG), the sodium absorption ratio (SAR), the residual sodium carbonate (RSC), and the sodium soluble content (Na%). Seventeen wells were used to gather the groundwater samples. The Water Quality Index (WQI) study found that groundwater in 82.4% of the study area was not fit for human consumption, with 17.6% falling into the poor category and being better suited for other uses.   According to the PIG, the majority of samples from the study area are not suitable for human consumption. Depending on where the PIG is distributed, the well samples taken from the research area indicate moderate to very high pollution levels. The SAR, RSC, and Na% values were used to assess the suitability of groundwater for agricultural use in the Jassan region. The investigation confirmed that groundwater is suitable for agricultural irrigation. Based on the findings, it is not recommended to use the city's groundwater untreated, as it is not suitable for human consumption. On the other hand, the water quality is ideal for various irrigation purposes.