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All Journal International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Abu Bakar, Norazhar
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Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Physics

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Effects of DBDS and DBPC antioxidants on the corrosion of copper strips immersed in transformer oil Sutan Chairul, Imran; Ab Ghani, Sharin; Shahril Ahmad Khiar, Mohd; Abu Bakar, Norazhar; Syahrani Johal, Muhammad; Nazri Mohamad Din, Mohamad
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 5: October 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i5.8196

Abstract

This paper presents the experimental findings on the effects of antioxidants on the corrosion of copper strips immersed in mineral oil (MO)–antioxidant samples. First, the uninhibited MO was mixed thoroughly with dibenzyl disulphide (DBDS) or 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (DBPC) at different concentrations (5, 15, 25, 50, and 200 mg/kg) using a hot plate magnetic stirrer set at a temperature of 73 °C and stirring speed of 750 rpm for 15 min. Following this, the MO–antioxidant samples were poured into separate test vessels and copper strips were added into the vessels. Next, each MO–antioxidant sample was blanketed with nitrogen gas, sealed, and placed in a forced convection laboratory oven. The MO–antioxidant samples were then thermally aged at 150 °C for 48 h. The results showed that the acidity of the MO–antioxidant sample decreased with an increase in the antioxidant concentration, regardless whether the antioxidant was DBDS or DBPC. However, the corrosion of the copper strip worsened with an increase in the antioxidant concentration, where DBDS had a higher relative degree of corrositivity to copper compared with DBPC. In addition, the results showed that a DBPC concentration of 25 mg/kg reduced the the acidity of the MO–antioxidant sample and resulted in a moderate tarnish of the copper strip.
Comparative study of moisture treatment techniques for mineral insulating oil Sutan Chairul, Imran; Ab Ghani, Sharin; Abu Bakar, Norazhar; Shahril Ahmad Khiar, Mohd; Hidayah Rahim, Nor; Nazri Mohamad Din, Mohamad
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 12, No 6: December 2023
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v12i6.5927

Abstract

The presence of moisture is one of the factors that promote degradation of transformer insulating oils and deterioration of cellulose insulation materials in oil-immersed power transformers, which affect the lifespan of the transformers. Realizing the importance of moisture in transformer insulating oils, this study compares the effectiveness of three moisture treatment techniques nitrogen bubbling technique (NBT), molecular sieve technique (MST), and vacuum oven technique (VOT)) for mineral oil (MO). The moisture content and AC breakdown voltage of the MO samples before and after moisture treatment were measured using Karl Fischer coulometric titrator and portable oil tester, respectively, in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D1533 and ASTM D1816 standards. The results showed that NBT is the best moisture treatment technique for the MO, where the NBT reduced 80.79% of moisture present in the oil, followed by MST and VOT, which reduced 72.87 and 42.28% of moisture, respectively. The results also showed that the AC breakdown voltage of the MO samples after moisture treatment was improved owing to the reduction in moisture content.
Methods used to enhance the physicochemical properties of natural ester insulating oils for transformers: a review Johal, Muhammad Syahrani; Ghani, Sharin Ab; Ahmad Khiar, Mohd Shahril; Sutan Chairul, Imran; Abu Bakar, Norazhar
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences Vol 14, No 4: December 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijaas.v14.i4.pp1393-1401

Abstract

Natural ester insulating oils, derived from vegetable-based feedstocks, are increasingly regarded as sustainable alternatives to conventional mineral oils due to their high fire point, biodegradability, and lower environmental impact. However, their widespread adoption in high-voltage equipment is constrained by their inherent limitations, such as lower oxidation stability, higher viscosity, and poor low-temperature performance. In this review, the three principal enhancement strategies developed to address these shortcomings are examined. The use of antioxidants is analysed for its role in improving oxidative resistance and flow characteristics. Transesterification is evaluated as a chemical modification method to alter the molecular structure, thereby enhancing viscosity and thermal stability. Refining and adsorbent treatments are discussed with respect to oil purification and regeneration, emphasising their adsorption efficiency and influence on dielectric performance. A comparative evaluation of these methods highlights their relative effectiveness, scalability, and practical challenges in implementation. This review underscores that no single approach is sufficient, and a combination of different methods is desirable to achieve optimal performance. These insights provide researchers with clear directions for further investigation while offering practitioners a knowledge base to guide the selection and application of enhanced natural ester insulating oils for reliable, long-term transformer operation.
Co-Authors Ghani, Sharin Ab Imran Sutan Chairul, Imran Johal, Muhammad Syahrani Mohd Shahril Ahmad Khiar Nazri Mohamad Din, Mohamad Nor Hidayah Rahim, Nor Shahril Ahmad Khiar, Mohd Sharin Ab Ghani Syahrani Johal, Muhammad