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All Journal International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Mohamad Razi, Nor Faezah
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Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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Genetic programming in machine learning based on the evaluation of house affordability classification Masrom, Suraya; Baharun, Norhayati; Mohamad Razi, Nor Faezah; Abd Rahman, Abdullah Sani; Mohammad, Nor Hazlina; Sarkam, Nor Aslily
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 5: October 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i5.7594

Abstract

One of the big challenges in machine learning is difficulty of achieving high accuracy in a short completion time. A more difficulties appeared when the algorithm needs to be used for solving real dataset from the survey-based data collection. Imbalance dataset, insufficient strength of correlations, and outliers are common problems in real dataset. To accelerate the modelling processes, automated machine learning based on meta-heuristics optimization such as genetic programming (GP) has started to emerge and is gaining popularity. However, identifying the best hyper-parameters of the meta-heuristics’ algorithm is the critical issue. This paper demonstrates the evaluation of GP hyper-parameters in modeling machine learning on house affordability dataset. The important hyper-parameters of GP are population size (PS), that has been observed with different setting in this research. The machine learning with GP was used to predict house affordability among employers with transport expenditure and job mobility as some of the attributes. The results from testing that run on hold-out samples show that GP machine learning can reach to 70% accuracy with split ratio 0.2 and GP PS 30. This research contributes to the advancement of automated machine learning techniques, offering potential for faster and more accurate real survey-based datasets.
Enhancing teachers’ digital literacy for security: a systematic review of frameworks and analytical methods in education Othman, Nadirah; Sarkam, Nor Aslily; Baharun, Norhayati; Hoon, Teoh Sian; Masrom, Suraya; Mohamad Razi, Nor Faezah; Abd Rahman, Abdullah Sani
International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) Vol 14, No 6: December 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijere.v14i6.32613

Abstract

The rising use of digital tools in education emphasizes the crucial need of teachers’ digital security, which relies on strong digital literacy. This study assesses teachers’ digital literacy on digital security literature to meet the urgent need for safe practices in schools due to increased security breaches. A total of 30 studies were reviewed using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) criteria to build frameworks and data analysis methodologies in this field. Five research areas were identified: teacher perspectives, security-related issues, educational impacts, pedagogical approaches, and instrument validation. The predominant framework used was the digital competence framework for citizens (DigComp), however hybrid frameworks that integrate other theoretical perspectives were highly commended for their comprehensive approach. The 30% of the studies focused on security issues, including cyberbullying and data protection, while 70% incorporated security dimensions into digital literacy frameworks. Quantitative approaches comprising 60%, including t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and regression analysis. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used in several studies to examine complex relationships. Although current research predominantly emphasizes quantitative methods, future investigations could enhance knowledge of teachers’ digital literacy and security by integrating SEM with artificial neural networks (ANN). This review emphasizes the necessity for hybrid frameworks and sophisticated approaches to enhance research.
Co-Authors Abd Rahman, Abdullah Sani Baharun, Norhayati Masrom, Suraya Mohammad, Nor Hazlina Othman, Nadirah Sarkam, Nor Aslily Teoh Sian Hoon