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All Journal Environmental and Toxicology Management (ETM) Journal of Emerging Science and Engineering
Abu Abdulkarim, Yalli
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Engineering Environmental Science Public Health

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Significance of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) as Molluscicide against Bulinus wrighti (Mandahl, 1965) snails: A review of concepts Abu Abdulkarim, Yalli
Journal of Emerging Science and Engineering Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : BIORE Scientia Academy

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/jese.2023.e27

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to bring a conceptual review of schistosomiasis and application of Balanites aegyptiaca in controlling the host (Bulinus wrighti) of the disease. The snail host (Bulinus wrighti) serve as the host that transmits schistosomiasis disease to humans; therefore, for effective management it shall be controlled. Whereas, schistosomiasis is mostly due to the parasites, S. haematobium, S.japonicum, S. mekongi, and S. intercalatum. Those parasites deposit their eggs in freshwater environment that tend to further develop in snail. Snail shed numerous cercariae that under opportunity invade the human body (for example, farmers, fishers, swimmers, etc). In the human body, the schistosomule is made from the cercariae; thereof allowed to be transported to various body parts (such as liver, messentric veins) depending on the specific parasite involved. Thereafter, eggs are formed and definitive host reactions are elicited in form of clinical portends (such as cough, fever, abdominal pain, fatigue, skin symptoms) in respective of the parasite species. In Africa, millions of individuals are infected, and millions are at risk. To prevent the disease, natural or synthetic mollusucicides could be applied to kill the snail. Natural products such as Balanites aegyptiaca are proven with good virtues to act as mollusucicides. B. aegyptiaca in its various parts contain active compounds such as saponins, tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, etc that might be responsible for the activities of the plant. Therefore, it is relevant to advocate for natural-bases products such as B.aegyptiaca for prevention of schistosomiasis due to accessibility, cheapness, effectiveness, poverty, and culture-based traditions.
Egg consumption risk due to different metal residues: An estimation from two chicken egg types (exotic and local) collected from Sokoto, Nigeria Umar, AI; Sarkingobir, Yusuf; Abubakar Shagari, Kasimu; Abu Abdulkarim, Yalli
Environmental and Toxicology Management Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): Environmental factors and their impacts
Publisher : Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33086/etm.v3i1.4689

Abstract

Eggs are important component of human diet worldwide. They provide the human body with diverse array of substances including metal elements. Due to pollution the eggs can incorporate metals at levels that are harmful. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the levels of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cr in eggs in Sokoto, Nigeria and health risk therewith. The metals were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results reveal, significantly (p<0.05) different concentrations of metals in commercial/ exotic and local chicken eggs in Sokoto, Nigeria as follows: The zinc (Local: 35.0 ± 1.5 ppm, Exotic: 30.12 ± 2.6 ppm) metal is the most elevated metal, followed by magnesium (Local:15.0 ± 0.05 ppm, Exotic:10.02 ± 1.5 ppm), then iron (Local: 7.0 ± 0.001 ppm, Exotic: 4.02 ± 0.001 ppm), then calcium (Local: 6.21 ± 0.01 ppm, Exotic: 5.01 ± 0.005 ppm). Others lower levels of metals are recorded by chromium (Local: 3.01 ± 0.05 ppm, Exotic: 4.51 ± 0.05 ppm), cadmium (0.061 ± 0.001 ppm detected in Exotic), and lead (Local: 0.05 ± 0.002 ppm, Exotic: 0.20 ± 0.002 ppm). The levels of essential metals found in eggs in this study are low, and levels of Cr, Cd, and Pb in exotic eggs are elevated. Similarly, health risk assessment result shows a public health concern. Care needs to be taken when consuming eggs by the public.
Co-Authors Abubakar Shagari, Kasimu Sarkingobir, Yusuf Umar, AI