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All Journal Jurnal Media Hukum Central Community Development Journal
Khaer, Fawaz Muhammad
Unknown Affiliation
Humanities Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Public Health

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Historical Study of the Neutrality Arrangements of the State Civil Apparatus in General Elections in Indonesia Sarnawa, Bagus; Khaer, Fawaz Muhammad
Jurnal Media Hukum Vol 31, No 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jmh.v31i2.22618

Abstract

This research aims to determine the neutrality regulations of civil servants in general elections. To achieve this goal, analysis was carried out on secondary data or library materials consisting of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. To complete secondary data, interviews were conducted with sources consisting of experts in the field of civil service law and general elections, as well as practitioners such as the State Civil Service Agency, the State Civil Service Commission, and the General Election Supervisory Agency of the Republic of Indonesia. This research applied a statute approach and combined it with a historical approach and a conceptual approach. The results of the research showed that from 1966 until now, the regulation of the neutrality of the State Civil Service in general elections has undergone changes in the subject and object of its regulation. However, this arrangement has not been able to guarantee the neutrality of the State Civil Service in general elections. This is inseparable from the political system, which does not yet support the realization of neutrality of the State Civil Service in General Elections.
Good debt, bad debt, and MSME performance in Indonesia Khaer, Fawaz Muhammad
Central Community Development Journal Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Privietlab

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55942/ccdj.v4i2.809

Abstract

Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) dominate Indonesia’s economy yet remain constrained by costly, mismatched, and shock-fragile borrowing. This study reframes “access to credit” into “quality of debt” and quantifies how design and use of loans translate into firm outcomes. Using a mixed-methods approach that links transaction-level sales (QRIS, marketplace backends), lender product files, and a structured owner survey, we construct a Debt Quality Index (DQI) capturing three pillars: payback coverage, maturity–asset-life fit, and downside resilience. We analyze 2,146 MSMEs across provinces and sectors with firm-month panels and event-study designs around product rollouts (e.g., revenue-linked installments, short payment holidays, movable-asset lending). Results are blunt: higher DQI is consistently associated with faster revenue growth, lower delinquency, and smoother cash paths. A one-standard-deviation lift in DQI aligns with 2.1–2.6 percentage-point gains in monthly revenue growth and 1.8–2.2 percentage-point reductions in 30–90 day delinquency, after rich controls. Mechanisms run through better cash-flow matching and resilience to negative demand shocks. Effects are stronger for owners with higher debt literacy and for firms with dense digital transaction trails that enable precise tenor calibration. Policy and practice are clear: subsidizing “more loans” is not enough—programs should target productive leverage by conditioning support on DQI thresholds, mandating total-cost and maturity-fit disclosures, and scaling movable-asset and revenue-linked structures. The contribution is a field-ready metric and evidence base that lets owners, lenders, and policymakers separate good debt that pays back from bad debt that extracts value, at scale.
Co-Authors Bagus Sarnawa