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All Journal Communications in Science and Technology Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Pangestuti, Indriyani
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering

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Physicochemical Characteristics of Titania Particles Synthesized with Gelatin as a Template Before and After Regeneration and Their Performance in Photocatalytic Methylene Blue Ulfa, Maria; Pangestuti, Indriyani; Anggreani, Cindy Nur
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2024: BCREC Volume 19 Issue 2 Year 2024 (August 2024)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20138

Abstract

TiO2 material has an important position in the processing of methylene blue waste because it is economical, has abundant polymorphs, high sustainability and supports green chemistry applications. Mesoporous TiO2 is a porous material that has higher effectiveness than other TiO2 because the pore structure has a large diameter at the nano scale (2-50 nm) with a regular shape so that the surface area and pore volume are greater than the average for other TiO2. The synthesis of mesopore TiO2 material has so far used the sol-gel route with synthetic pore directing agents such as P123 which can be replaced with gelatin as a cheaper and safer pore directing agent with high sustainability and abundance. Based on the description above, this research aims to photodegrade methylene blue using mesoporous TiO2 (m-TiO2) nanoparticles which were prepared by the sol–gel method using gelatin and P123 as template. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Electron dispersive X-Ray (EDX), and UV–vis spectroscopy techniques were used to characterize the samples. Photocatalytic activities of samples for methylene blue degradation were investigated. The catalyst before and after regeneration will be studied so that the effect of regeneration on the results of methylene blue photocatalysis with m-TiO2 can be determined. XRD results confirmed the formation of the anatase and rutile phase for the TiO2 nanoparticles, with crystallite sizes larger after regeneration in the range of 9–21 nm. The large particle size was after regeneration due to the promotion by high temperature treatment. TiO2 nanoparticles showed the best photocatalytic activity on the first use to 91% and remained stable after four cycles with photodegradation efficiency up to 76% based on the measured UV-Vis spectroscopy. TiO2 as synthesis could be the best candidate for catalyst with the high performance after multicycle regeneration. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Effect of ratio Pluronic P123 and gelatin on titania as a catalyst in methylene blue degradation Ulfa, Maria; Pangestuti, Indriyani
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 10 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.10.1.2025.1614

Abstract

This study explores the influence of the gelatin-to-Pluronic P123 molar ratio on the synthesis, structural properties, and photocatalytic performance of titania for methylene blue degradation. Gelatin, employed as a biotemplate alongside Pluronic P123, effectively modulates the physicochemical characteristics of titania. As the gelatin content increases, significant changes are observed in oxygen incorporation, pore morphology, and crystallinity. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) reveals a progressive increase in surface oxygen content from 10% (T-Gl) to 29% (T-Gh), indicating strong interactions between gelatin’s NH? groups and titanium species. FTIR analysis confirms enhanced Ti–O–Ti bonding, with peak transmittance intensities reaching 79.857% in T-Gh. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements verify mesoporosity across all samples, with pore diameters ranging from 12.4 nm to 14.8 nm and surface areas from 27.69 to 31.67 m²/g. Crystallite sizes, determined by XRD, range between 4.27 nm and 8.56 nm, while the crystallinity varies from 45.81% to 54.55%. Despite having a lower surface area, T-Gm exhibits excellent photocatalytic efficiency (90.23%) due to favorable pore and crystallite characteristics. T-Gh demonstrates the highest performance (92.90%), attributed to its oxygen-rich surface, moderate crystallinity, and balanced mesoporous framework that enhances charge separation and dye adsorption. These findings underscore the critical role of gelatin-to-P123 ratio control in tailoring structural and surface functionalities of titania, thereby offering a sustainable strategy for designing efficient photocatalysts for environmental remediation. The developed biotemplated synthesis approach not only enhances photocatalytic performance but also promotes the use of eco-friendly and cost-effective materials, making it highly beneficial for scalable applications in wastewater treatment.
Co-Authors Anggreani, Cindy Nur Maria Ulfa