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Foale, Mike

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Author-ID : 7652734

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Library & Information Science

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Improving the Availability of Valuable Coconut Germplasm using Tissue Culture Techniques Adkins, Steve; Nguyen, Quang Thien; Foale, Mike
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 32 No 2 (2016): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Coconut cultivation faces a number of acute problems that reduce its productivity and competitiveness. These problems include various biotic and abiotic challenges as well as an unstable market for its traditional oil-based products. Around 10 million small-holder farmers cultivate coconut palms worldwide on c. 12 million hectares of land, and many more people own a few coconut palms that contribute to their livelihoods. Inefficiency in the production and supply of appropriate seedlings for replanting a generally ageing resource remains an issue, especially where there is uncertainty about the ability of local populations to resist potential disease threats. However, tissue culture in such cases is expected to provide pragmatic solutions. Over the past 60 years much research has been directed towards developing and improving protocols for (i) embryo culture; (ii) clonal propagation via somatic embryogenesis and (iii) germplasm conservation via cryopreservation. Recent advances have provided new ways to improve these protocols, especially cryopreservation. Although effective embryo culture and cryopreservation are now possible, the low efficiency of conversion of somatic embryos to ex vitro seedlings still restrains the large-scale clonal propagation of coconut. Although tissue culture in coconut has developed over the recent decades, further improvement of protocols and their application to a wider range of germplasm will boost their adoption for the breeding, conservation and propagation of coconut.

Australian Contributions to Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Research (A Review Article) Foale, Mike; Adkins, Steve
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 30 No 1 (2014): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Australia has been a significant supporter of research into coconut protection, improvement and biotechnology for three decades. Major achievements include a key role in identification of the Cadang Cadang Viroid in Philippines and the Foliar Decay virus in Vanuatu, surveys of coconut genetic diversity in the south Pacific, and the initiation of global collaboration leading to the formation of the Coconut Genetic Resources Network. Another major Australian contribution beginning in the 1980s, has been to the development and refinement of methods of collection and exchange around the world of diverse coconut genotypes under COGENT involving particularly the protocol for embryo transfer and culture. Most recently CO2 enrichment of the in vitro atmosphere has raised cultured embryo growth to a new level at the University of Queensland (UQ). Researchers at UQ have brought somatic embryogenesis, a critical process for multiplication of high-value individual palms, to the verge of commercial application, has and also greatly advanced the technique for preserving genetic material by cryopreservation of the embryo. The development of a healthy and high-value snack food from coconut kernel has also emerged at UQ. Modest additional funding would advance all of these recent projects to the stage of general application, thereby building on the strong record of Australia in helping to secure the future of coconut producers in the community and economy of Pacific nations, and beyond.

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