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Thomas, R. J.
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Library & Information Science

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Coconut Tissue Culture: The Indian Initiatives, Experiences and Achievements Karun, Anitha; Rajesh, M. K.; Sajini, K. K.; Muralikrishna, K. S.; Neema, M.; Shareefa, M.; Thomas, R. J.
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 33 No 2 (2017): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (387.535 KB) | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v33i2.48

Abstract

Coconut is one of the principal crops of India cultivated in over 35 districts mainly in the southern states. The productivity of the crop is declining in many of the traditionally cultivated regions owing to ageing plantations as well as biotic and abiotic stresses. These plantations are to be replanted with high yielding varieties/hybrids for which adequate quantity of quality planting material is not available. Even though tissue culture research was initiated in many laboratories in the country, the work was eventually phased out in most of the laboratories for want of a repeatable protocol. At ICAR-CPCRI, coconut tissue culture programs have been continuing for the past three decades. The attempts made include experimentation with different explants viz., immature inflorescence, plumular tissues, mature palm shoot meristem, ovary and anthers and different culture media supplemented with varying levels and types of hormones. Some of the successful protocols developed at the Institute include coconut zygotic embryo culture for collection and exchange of germplasm, cryopreservation and retrieval of zygotic embryos and pollen and plantlet regeneration from plumular tissues. Even though ICAR-CPCRI has succeeded in obtaining plantlets via direct organogenesis from inflorescence explants, the absence of friable calli formation from explants, the low rate of somatic embryo formation, large number of cultures turning to abnormal shoot development, non conversion of somatic embryos into plantlets, and formation of abnormal somatic embryos remain the major bottlenecks. Gene expression studies are being currently undertaken to decipher the molecular basis of in vitro recalcitrance.
Diversification for Livelihood Security: Experiences from Major Coconut Growing Countries Kalavathi, S.; Manohar, Erlene; Naka, Peeyanot; Long, Vo Van; Krishnakumar, V.; Thomas, R. J.; Thomas, George V.; George, Maria Luz
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 28 No 2 (2012): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (797.75 KB) | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v28i2.99

Abstract

This paper presents the success of community based organizations in achieving sustainability in marginal coconut holdings through diversification of crops and enterprises along with conservation of local varieties. The project was implemented in 19 communities of 10 coconut growing countries and findings from four major coconut growing countries, which had significant project outcome - India, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam - are discussed in the present paper. All the four major coconut growing countries recorded a significant difference in total household income over the project period. Among the four countries, India and Philippines had a significant difference in mean income derived from intercrops, India and Thailand for livestock integration and India and Vietnam for off-farm activities. Herfindahl index for indicating economic diversity of households revealed a significant diversification of income for India as well as the overall data for the four countries. A higher level of education and more available land also positively influenced total income. In general, improvements in income were better with bigger-sized farms and households, with male household heads. The overall data revealed significant improvement in food and nutritional security with clearest impacts in India and Philippines due to project efforts. Participation of women in trainings and interventions was the highest in India, followed by Thailand.
Co-Authors George, Maria Luz Kalavathi, S. Karun, Anitha Krishnakumar, V. Long, Vo Van Manohar, Erlene Muralikrishna, K. S. Naka, Peeyanot Neema, M. Rajesh, M. K. Sajini, K. K. Shareefa, M. Thomas, George V.