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AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF HOW CAR, CREDIT RISK, AND LIQUIDITY AFFECT PROFITABILITY Hasanuh, Nanu; Sulistiyo, Hari; Sidik, Solihin; Suartini, Sri; Ghani, Erlane K; Chudjuarjeen, Saichol; Manda, Gusganda Suria
Assets: Jurnal Akuntansi dan Pendidikan Vol. 13 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Madiun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25273/jap.v13i1.19182

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of credit risk, liquidity, and capital adequacy level (CAR) on profitability in the Indonesian banking sector while accounting for bank size moderation. The results of a linear regression study of panel data using annual financial report data from banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (2017-2022) show that although credit risk has an adverse effect and liquidity does not affect profitability, CAR does not significantly affect profitability. While bank size enhances the beneficial moderation of credit risk on profitability, it does not mitigate the impact of CAR and liquidity. Encouragement of Indonesian banks to enhance credit risk management while taking into account extra elements like operational effectiveness and product innovation are some of the practical ramifications. Additionally, these findings offer theoretical advancements in the field of agency. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini menguji dampak risiko kredit, likuiditas, dan tingkat kecukupan modal (CAR) terhadap profitabilitas di sektor perbankan Indonesia dengan memperhitungkan moderasi ukuran bank. Hasil studi regresi linier data panel dengan menggunakan data laporan keuangan tahunan dari bank-bank yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (2017-2022) menunjukkan bahwa meskipun risiko kredit memiliki pengaruh negatif dan likuiditas tidak berpengaruh terhadap profitabilitas, namun CAR tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap profitabilitas. Meskipun ukuran bank meningkatkan moderasi yang menguntungkan dari risiko kredit terhadap profitabilitas, namun tidak mengurangi dampak CAR dan likuiditas. Dorongan bagi bank-bank di Indonesia untuk meningkatkan manajemen risiko kredit dengan mempertimbangkan elemen-elemen lain seperti efektivitas operasional dan inovasi produk merupakan beberapa konsekuensi praktisnya. Selain itu, temuan ini juga memberikan kemajuan teoritis mengenai keagenan.
Data-driven reconstruction of solar spectrum in a class A+ LED solar simulator Wannakam, Khanittha; Boonmee, Chaiyant; Sukthang, Kreeta; Chudjuarjeen, Saichol; Romsai, Wattanawong; Watjanatepin, Napat
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 6 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61502

Abstract

High‑spectral‑fidelity solar simulators are indispensable for rigorous photovoltaic characterization, as they provide stable, reproducible irradiance that closely conforms to the AM 1.5G reference spectrum. The latest IEC 60904‑9:2020 standard imposes stringent limits on spectral mismatch (SM), coverage, and deviation, driving the need for innovative design strategies. This work introduces a data‑driven LED spectrum reconstruction methodology to engineer a Class A+ LED Solar Simulator (LSS) spectrum. Manufacturer‑provided spectral profiles spanning 300–1200 nm were digitized using a precision plot‑digitization tool and calibrated via a Spectral Mismatch Calculator to ensure wavelength alignment and intensity normalization. Custom numerical optimization algorithms then refined these datasets to compute the optimal mixing ratios of broadband phosphor‑converted white LEDs (400–900 nm), combined with targeted UV, visible, and NIR emitters. The finalized 13‑LED configuration achieved a Spectral Coverage (SPC) of 99.52% and a Spectral Deviation (SPD) of 17.42%, exceeding the Class A+ acceptance criteria while employing a minimal component count. Although minor uncertainties may originate from the digitization process, such as image resolution and axis calibration, these can be effectively mitigated by integrating direct numerical spectra supplied by manufacturers. This approach establishes an efficient, high‑accuracy framework for LSS spectral design. Future work will advance to hardware prototyping and empirical validation of the simulator’s irradiance spectrum under real‑world operating conditions, fully compliant with IEC 60904‑9:2020.
Designing an A+ LED solar simulator: spectrum optimization and its impact on silicon solar cells Boonmee, Chaiyant; Sritanauthaikorn, Patcharanan; Chudjuarjeen, Saichol; Kiatsookkanatorn, Paiboon; Wannakam, Khanittha; Homjan, Jeerawan; Sukthang, Kreeta; Suksing, Panet; Watjanatepin, Napat
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 14, No 6: December 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v14i6.10877

Abstract

The development of light-emitting diode (LED)-based solar simulators that comply with the updated IEC 60904-9:2020 standard, particularly achieving a Class A+ irradiance spectrum, remains a significant challenge. This necessitates careful consideration of two key spectral quality indicators: spectral deviation (SPD) and spectral coverage (SPC). This study proposes a method to achieve a Class A+ solar simulator spectrum using a minimal number of LED types while optimizing SPD and SPC. It also examines the influence of SPD and SPC on the photogenerated current density (Jph) and short-circuit current density (Jsc) of crystalline silicon and multi-crystalline silicon solar cells. By selectively adding ultraviolet (UV) and near-infrared (NIR) LEDs to the original six-type LED configuration, the simulator’s spectral performance was enhanced to more closely align with the AM1.5G standard. The configuration incorporating both UV and NIR LEDs demonstrated the highest performance. It achieved an SPC of 97.521% and the lowest SPD at 26.088%. Simulation results confirmed that higher SPC and lower SPD values contribute to reduced errors in the calculated Jsc and Jph for both crystalline silicon (c-Si) and multi-crystalline silicon (mc-Si) solar cells. These findings highlight the importance of well-balanced spectral design and demonstrate that accurate spectral simulation is achievable using only essential LED wavelengths.