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Jalur Sutra Kesehatan: Upaya China Mencapai Kepentingan Geopolitik Melalui Diplomasi Vaksin Agape, Gideon Candra
Jurnal Transformasi Global Vol. 8 No. 2 (2021): Jurnal Transformasi Global (JTG)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jtg.008.02.1

Abstract

In early April 2021, China had contributed a vital role in the Covid-19 vaccine export. With the national pharmaceutical company Sinovac and Sinopharm China capable of producing over 250 million doses of vaccine, 118 million have been successfully exported to 49 countries according to Airfinity. The world distribution of the covid-19 vaccine has been deemed a failure by the WHO, from 448 million global doses only 0.1 percent of the vaccine were administered to low-income countries, and rich countries which hold 16 percent of the world's population receiving nearly half a global dose. China is able to answer the world's frustration with the western nationalism vaccine issue, as the EU and USA failed to help low-income countries to provide vaccine access. The nationalism vaccine discourages equality, as 200 million doses of vaccine produced by the United States government had approximately exported only about 4 million doses to other countries. This paper will answer how China gains global geopolitics through vaccine diplomacy? What is the role of diplomacy in promoting China's influence? Currently China focuses on expanding its influence over Asia and South America through vaccine diplomacy, under the BRI initiative this policy is then called the Health Silk Road. Keywords: Health Silk Road, Vaccine Diplomacy, Sinovac, Sinopharm
Tantangan Pemberian Bantuan Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat ke Afghanistan Tahun 2021 Sahputra, Indra; Agape, Gideon Candra; Anjani P, Dian Ayu; A, Axcel Geraldo; Firmansyah, Q.; Ashari, M. Chusaini
Global and Policy Journal of International Relations Vol 10, No 01 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/jgp.v10i01.3571

Abstract

ABSTRACTNo less than $145 billion USD has been given to Afghanistan to build governance, economy, socialand societ (SIGAR, 2021). A total of $76.6 billion USD has also been provided through the OfficialDevelopment Aid (ODA) scheme from various countries from 2002 to 2019, not counting anotherbillion dollars coming from International Organizations (Hanke, 2021). However, the HumanDevelopment Report (2020) notes that Afghanistan's Human Development Index (HDI) is still atposition 169 out of 189 countries worldwide, which is a poor performance for this country. Thiscountry is also far from prosperous, even SIGAR classifies Afghanistan as a country that isincreasingly dependent on external aid. In 2021, 43% of Afghanistan's GDP will come from foreignaid, 75% of public spending will come from foreign aid, and 90% of the population lives on less than2 dollars a day. By using a descriptive qualitative method, this paper will answer 2 researchquestions, first regarding the failure and success of US foreign aid to Afghanistan in 2021, secondresearch question is how foreign aid will impact development in Afghanistan in 2021.Key words : Afganistan, International aid, sustainable developmentDOI: https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v10i01.3571