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All Journal International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences
Abdullah, Wan Fazlida Hanim
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Earth & Planetary Sciences Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Physics

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Potentiometric field-effect transistor pH sensing in a low-power wide-area network Zulhakim, Akmal Mustaffa; Abdullah, Wan Fazlida Hanim; Bakar, Ahmad Zaki Abu; Mamat, Robaiah; Halim, Ili Shairah Abdul; Muslan, Muhammad Izzat Alif; Herman, Sukreen Hana
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences Vol 13, No 4: December 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijaas.v13.i4.pp777-786

Abstract

This research paper explores the application of extended-gate field-effect transistors (EGFET) as a potentiometric sensing method for pH detection within an internet of things (IoT) system. The pH EGFET sensor is integrated with a long-range (LoRa) microcontroller, enabling data transmission via a low-power, long-range wide-area network (LoRaWAN) IoT framework to a dedicated IoT application server. The framework utilizes a message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) broker, employing a publish/subscribe message architecture for efficient data transmission. The study focuses on addressing the problem of determining whether EGFET technology can provide precise and dependable measurements in various settings. To achieve this, the data from the IoT framework is compared with data signals from a semiconductor parametric analyzer and a readout interfacing circuit serial data acquisition (DAQ). From the study, EGFET sensors provide a sensitivity of 61.1 mV/pH with a linearity of 0.9968 through the IoT method. Meanwhile, non-IoT methods yield slightly different sensitivities of 53.1 and 50.5 mV/pH with comparable linearity of 0.9984 and 0.9979. Overall, the research demonstrates the versatility of EGFET technology, highlighting its effective use in various sensing instruments, while ensuring reliable data transfer through the LoRaWAN framework.
Effect of spacing, concentration of NaCl solution, and biasing of graphite electrodes towards conductometric sensor response Zulkarnain, Izzah Wadhihah; Abdullah, Wan Fazlida Hanim; Halim, Ili Shairah Abdul; Muslan, Muhammad Izzat Alif
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences Vol 13, No 3: September 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijaas.v13.i3.pp620-627

Abstract

An electrical conductivity (EC) sensor is a conductometric sensor used to measure a solution's ability to transmit electrical charges. However, EC sensing accuracy and stability are not consistent due to many factors, such as gap spacing between electrodes, concentration of the solution, and electrical biassing. This study investigates the influence of the gap spacing between electrodes, the concentration of the solution, frequency, and voltage input applied to the EC sensor electrode on EC sensor measurement and provides insights into the relationship between these parameters and the sensor's performance using the voltage divider rule which is the simpler way to measure the conductivity of the solution. From this investigation, gap spacing between the electrodes, the concentration of the solution, frequency below 50 Hz, and voltage input have been found to directly affect the EC sensor measurement. However, there is no significant change in EC sensor measurement regarding the frequency applied to graphite electrodes when the frequency is above 50 Hz. The findings of this study highlight the complex interplay between the physical setup parameters and EC sensor measurement.
Co-Authors Bakar, Ahmad Zaki Abu Halim, Ili Shairah Abdul Herman, Sukreen Hana Mamat, Robaiah Muslan, Muhammad Izzat Alif Zulhakim, Akmal Mustaffa Zulkarnain, Izzah Wadhihah