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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Ibrahim, Dina M.
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Histopathological cancer detection based on deep learning and stain images Ibrahim, Dina M.; Hammoudeh, Mohammad Ali A.; Allam, Tahani M.
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 36, No 1: October 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v36.i1.pp214-230

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC)-a malignant growth in the colon or rectum- is the second largest cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Early detection may increase therapy choices. Deep learning can improve early medical detection to reduce the risk of unintentional death from an incorrect clinical diagnosis. Histopathological examination of colon cancer is essential in medical research. This paper proposes a deep learning-based colon cancer detection method using stain-normalized images. We use deep learning methods to improve detection accuracy and efficiency. Our solution normalizes image stain variations and uses deep learning models for reliable classification. This research improves colon cancer histopathology analysis, which may enhance diagnosis. Our paper uses DenseNet-121, VGG-16, GoogLeNet, ResNet-50, and ResNet-18 deep learning models. We also analyze how stain normalization (SN) improves our model on histopathology images. The ResNet-50 model with SN yields the highest values (9.94%) compared to the other four models and the nine models from previous studies.
Educational impact and ethical considerations in using Chatbots in Academia Ibrahim, Dina M.; Al-harbi, Njood K.; Al-Shargabi, Amal A.
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 37, No 2: February 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v37.i2.pp1150-1167

Abstract

Chatbots are getting better every day due to the advancements in their capabilities in today’s technological age. This study aims to assess the efficacy of ChatGPT-4 and Gemini in producing scientific articles. Two types of prompts are given: direct questions and complete scenarios. Subsequently, we evaluate the educational and ethical aspects of the produced material by employing statistical analysis. We verify the credibility of references, detect any instances of plagiarism, and ensure the precision of the articles generated by the chatbot. In addition, we utilize topic modeling to assess the extent to which the content of the articles corresponds to the specified topic. According to the findings, Gemini outperformed ChatGPT-4, specifically in scenario questions, where it achieved an accuracy rate of 85%, while ChatGPT-4 only achieved 35% accuracy.
Recognizing geographical locations using a GAN-based text-to-image approach Ibrahim, Dina M.; Al-Shargabi, Amal A.
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 37, No 2: February 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v37.i2.pp1168-1182

Abstract

Generating photo-realistic images that align with the text descriptions is the goal of the text-to-image generation (T2I) model. They can assist in visualizing the descriptions thanks to advancements in machine learning algorithms. Using text as a source, generative adversarial networks (GANs) can generate a series of pictures that serve as descriptions. Recent GANs have allowed oldest T2I models to achieve remarkable gains. However, they have some limitations. The main target of this study is to address these limitations to enhance the text-to-image generation models to enhance location services. To produce high-quality photos utilizing a multi-step approach, we build an attentional generating network called AttnGAN. The fine-grained image-text matching loss needed to train the AttnGAN’s generator is computed using our multimodal similarity model. With an inception score of 4.81 on the PatternNet dataset, our AttnGAN model achieves an impressive R-precision value of 70.61 percent. Because the PatternNet dataset comprises photographs, we’ve added verbal descriptions to each one to make it a text-based dataset instead. Many experiments have shown that AttnGAN’s proposed attention procedures, which are critical for text-to-image production in complex circumstances, are effective.
PRDTinyML: deep learning-based TinyML-based pedestrian detection model in autonomous vehicles for smart cities Alajlan, Norah N.; Alhujaylan, Abeer I.; Ibrahim, Dina M.
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 39, No 1: July 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i1.pp283-309

Abstract

Detecting pedestrians and cars in smart cities is a major task for autonomous vehicles (AV) to prevent accidents. Occlusion, distortion, and multi-instance pictures make pedestrian and rider detection difficult. Recently, deep learning (DL) systems have shown promise for AV pedestrian identification. The restricted resources of internet of things (IoT) devices have made it difficult to integrate DL with pedestrian detection. Tiny machine learning (TinyML) was used to recognize pedestrians and cyclists in the EuroCity persons (ECP) dataset. After preliminary testing, we propose five microcontroller-deployable lightweight DL models in this study. We applied SqueezeNet, AlexNet, and convolution neural network (CNN) DL models. We also use two pre-trained models, MobileNet-V2 and MobileNet-V3, to determine the optimal size and accuracy model. Quantization aware training (QAT), full integer quantization (FIQ), and dynamic range quantization (DRQ) were used. The CNN model had the shortest size with 0.07 MB using the DRQ approach, followed by SqueezeNet, AlexNet, MobileNet-V2, and MobileNet-V2 with 0.161 MB, 0.69 MB, 1.824 MB, and 1.95 MB, respectively. The MobileNet-V3 model’s DRQ accuracy after optimization was 99.60% for day photos and 98.86% for night images, outperforming other models. The MobileNet-V2 model followed with DRQ accuracy of 99.27% and 98.24% for day and night images.
Web-Based Attacks Detection Using Deep Learning Techniques: A Comprehensive Review Alghofaili, Lujain Nasser; Ibrahim, Dina M.
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 39, No 1: July 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i1.pp466-484

Abstract

Web applications are utilized extensively by a broad user base, and the services provided by these applications assist enterprises in enhancing the quality of their service operations as well as increasing their revenue or resources. To gain control of web servers, attackers will frequently attempt to modify the web requests that are sent by users from web applications. Attacks that are based on the web can be detected to help avoid the manipulation of web applications. In addition, a variety of research has offered many methods, one of which is artificial intelligence (AI), which is the method that has been utilized the most frequently to identify web-based attacks recently. When it comes to the protection of web applications, anomaly detection techniques used by intrusion prevention systems are preferred.  Deep learning, often known as DL, is going to be covered in this paper as anomaly-based web attack detection methods and machine learning techniques. With the purpose of organizing our selected techniques into a comprehensive framework that encourages future studies, we first explained the most concepts that related to web-based attacks detection, then we moved on to discuss the most prevalent web risks and may provide inherent difficulties for keeping web applications safe.  We classify previous studies on detecting web attacks into two categories: deep learning and machine learning. Lastly, we go over the features of the previously utilized datasets in summary form.
Co-Authors Al-harbi, Njood K. Al-Shargabi, Amal A. Alajlan, Norah N. Alghofaili, Lujain Nasser Alhujaylan, Abeer I. Allam, Tahani M. Hammoudeh, Mohammad Ali A.