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Atmodjo, Kevin Christian
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Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Ideal Government Policy In Fulfilling The Social and Cultural Economic Rights of Sangir Philippine Citizens Gerungan, Lusi K. F. R.; Lewerissa, Yanti Amelia; Atmodjo, Kevin Christian
SASI Volume 30 Issue 3, September 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47268/sasi.v30i3.1965

Abstract

Introduction: Fulfillment of economic, social and cultural rights is a reflection of guaranteeing human rights. However, the economic, social and cultural rights of every citizen must be supported by their status as a citizen. Because a person's citizenship status has the effect of giving them a number of rights as a citizen. This problem occurs for Sangir Filipino residents whose citizenship status is unclear.Purposes of the Research: Is to examine and analyze the ideal policies taken by the government, especially the regional government of Bitung City, North Sulawesi Province, in addressing issues that provide economic, social and cultural rights for Sangir Filipino residents who have unclear citizenship status, so that this has an impact. on Providing their rights as part of providing human rights.Methods of the Research: In this research is normative juridical research using statutory regulations and a contextual approach. The sources of legal materials used in this research are primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. This legal material was obtained through literature review and then explained qualitatively.Results of the Research: Show that the citizenship status of Sangir Filipino residents does not clearly have an impact on the provision of economic, social and cultural rights. There is a need for policies by the Regional Government and the Central Government, such as updating national laws that simplify the citizenship registration process, providing outreach to Sangir Filipino residents about the importance of a clear citizenship status, and the need for participation from all elements of society in order to overcome this problem.
Penggunaan Balon Udara untuk Tujuan Spionase dan Implikasi Terhadap Hukum Internasional Atmodjo, Kevin Christian; Wattimena, Josina Augustina Yvonne; Peilouw, Johanis Stenly Franco
PATTIMURA Law Study Review Vol 3 No 3 (2025): Desember 2025 PATTIMURA Law Study Review
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47268/palasrev.v3i3.14939

Abstract

This research analyzes a violation of airspace sovereignty by unmanned free balloons for espionage purposes. Each country has full and exclusive sovereignty over its entire territory which includes the surface of the earth and the contents of the earth beneath the surface, including air space. A country that violates sovereignty over airspace without permission entails responsibility for the passing country towards the lower country. The research method used is normative juridical using problem approaches such as the statute approach, conceptual approach, and case approach. The research findings show that unmanned free balloons are the same as the classification of aircraft regulated in Annex 2 of the 1944 Chicago Convention regarding unmanned free balloons which are defined as unpowered, unmanned, and lighter than air aircraft in air flight. The use of unmanned free balloons for espionage purposes in peacetime has no legal regulations, so that they have implications for violations of state sovereignty which give rise to state responsibility. ICAO or International Civil Aviation Organization needs to reconstruct the legal ground towards unmanned free balloons usage outside the function of meteorological purposes in order to avoid the false accused and declare specified sanctions towards the violators.
Co-Authors Gerungan, Lusi K. F. R. Lewerissa, Yanti Amelia Peilouw, Johanis Stenly Franco Wattimena, Josina Augustina Yvonne