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All Journal IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn)
Hashim, Shakirah
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Humanities Automotive Engineering Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Library & Information Science Social Sciences Other

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Sudoku solutions: a comparative analysis of breadth-first search, depth-first search, and human approaches Mat Diah, Norizan; Riza, Syahirul; Ahmad, Suzana; Musa, Norzilah; Hashim, Shakirah
Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) Vol 19, No 1: February 2025
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/edulearn.v19i1.21214

Abstract

Sudoku is a puzzle that has a unique solution. No matter how many methods are used, the result will always be the same. The player thought that the number of givens or clues, the initial value on the Sudoku puzzles, would significantly determine the difficulty level, which is not necessarily correct. This research uses two search algorithms, breadth-first search (BFS) and depth-first search (DFS), to solve a set of Sudoku puzzles based on the number of givens. The Sudoku puzzles are chosen based on the number of givens between 32 and 35. In cases where Sudoku puzzles are considered medium or intermediate difficulty, the solutions generated by both algorithms will be compared with the human-solving approach. The research aims to determine whether humans tend to solve Sudoku puzzles with solutions resembling those generated by BFS or DFS. Furthermore, if all three approaches-human, BFS, DFS-yield comparable solutions, the Sudoku puzzle has only one unique solution.
Faraid distribution calculation using AI-based Quranic chatbot Md Zin, Iman Hafizi; Mansor, Nur Farraliza; Mat Diah, Norizan; Hashim, Shakirah; Mansor, Mastura
IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) Vol 14, No 3: September 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijra.v14i3.pp393-406

Abstract

Faraid, Islamic inheritance law, refers to that aspect of Shariah law which is not properly understood and has created issues and impediments in the distribution of estates. This paper discusses the development of an AI-based Quranic chatbot to be used by the public to learn the Faraid rules and automate calculations of inheritance distribution. The chatbot has been developed using natural language processing and a rule-based algorithm, which intends to search and get an accurate interpretation from the user queries, retrieve relevant verses of the Quran, and compute the share of inheritance according to the established Islamic jurisprudence. Fuzzy match identifies and corrects variation in queries, enhancing user interaction, ensuring that it appears more intuitive and accessible. The system processes user input regarding heirs of the deceased, estate value, and debts, and applies Faraid rules to generate accurate distribution results that happen to be web-based platforms of this chatbot. It intends to link traditional Islamic knowledge with modern digital solutions, bringing Faraid calculations closer, more comfortable, faster, and transparent. Through rigorous tests and user feedback will prove above, revealing the chatbot’s potential in understanding the application of Islamic inheritance law and promoting digital engagement in all these through Quranic teachings.
Co-Authors Ahmad, Suzana Mansor, Mastura Mansor, Nur Farraliza Mat Diah, Norizan Md Zin, Iman Hafizi Musa, Norzilah Riza, Syahirul