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All Journal International Journal Multidisciplinary Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology (JMGCB)
badr, Sanaa qasem
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Education Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Physics

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THE ROLE OF ALTERNARIA ALTERNATE IN THE BIOACCUMULATION OF TWO TYPES OF POLYMERIC WASTE badr, Sanaa qasem
International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI) Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024): International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI)
Publisher : Antis-Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijmi.v1i2.137

Abstract

The fungus (Alternaria alternate ) was isolated from Abu Al-Khasib soil samples, and after obtaining pure isolates of the fungus, the fungus was grown with pieces of polymeric waste films of two types (PMMA & PS) and at different incubation periods (15 , 30, and 45 days ). After each incubation period, the weight of the piece was measured, and the result was a decrease in weight as the incubation period increased. Thus, the role of the fungus was to decrease Weight because fungi play a major role in the bioaccumulation process
GENES RESPONSIBLE FOR HEAVY METAL BIOACCUMULATION IN FUNGI ASPERGILLUS Badr, Sanaa Qasem
Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology Vol. 2 No. 10 (2025): Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology
Publisher : PT. Antis International Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/jmgcb.v2i10.1417

Abstract

Objective: Heavy metal contamination, particularly with cadmium (Cd²⁺), lead (Pb²⁺), and arsenic (As³⁺/As⁵⁺), represents a critical environmental and health concern due to their toxicity and persistence. Microorganisms such as Aspergillus species have demonstrated significant potential for bioremediation, primarily through complex genetic and biochemical mechanisms. This study synthesizes existing literature to examine the molecular basis of heavy metal tolerance and bioaccumulation in Aspergillus. Method: This study synthesizes existing literature to examine the molecular basis of heavy metal tolerance and bioaccumulation in Aspergillus. Results: The findings highlight multiple defense strategies, including cadmium detoxification via glutathione biosynthesis genes (GSH1, GSH2), phytochelatin synthase (PCS), and vacuolar sequestration mediated by CDF transporters (CrpA, ZRC1, COT1). Lead bioaccumulation involves structural binding to cell wall polymers such as chitin, glucans, and melanin, complemented by transporter genes (CrpA, YCF1, ABC transporters) and intracellular chelation through glutathione and metallothioneins. Arsenic tolerance relies on aquaglyceroporin channels (Fps1), efflux transporters (Acr3), and arsenate reductase (ArsC), which enable reduction and detoxification, alongside phytochelatin-mediated sequestration. Across all metals, oxidative stress is mitigated by antioxidant defense genes, including SOD, CAT, and TRX, while Yap1-like transcription factors coordinate regulatory responses. Novelty: The integration of adsorption, chelation, transport, and oxidative stress defense establishes Aspergillus as a versatile and resilient organism capable of surviving in heavy metal-polluted environments. These findings underscore the potential application of Aspergillus in bioremediation strategies targeting multi-metal contamination.
TYPES OF EXTRACELLULAR ENZYMES SECRETED BY FUNGI Badr, Sanaa Qasem
Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology Vol. 2 No. 11 (2025): Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology
Publisher : PT. Antis International Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/jmgcb.v2i11.1418

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to review the diversity and significance of extracellular enzymes secreted by fungi, with a focus on their ecological functions and industrial applications. Method: A literature-based analysis was conducted, summarizing the main categories of fungal enzymes, including cellulases, ligninases, proteases, lipases, and pectinases, as well as their associated roles in both natural and applied contexts. Results: The findings highlight that fungal extracellular enzymes play essential roles in breaking down complex organic materials, thereby facilitating nutrient cycling, decomposition, and ecosystem balance. Industrially, these enzymes are widely applied in biofuel production, bioremediation, food processing, pharmaceuticals, and textiles, demonstrating their versatility and economic value. Novelty: This review integrates ecological and industrial perspectives, emphasizing the dual importance of fungal enzymes as natural mediators of biodegradation and as key biocatalysts driving sustainable innovations in biotechnology and environmental management.
REVIEW OF ISOLATION OF FUNGI FROM SHRIMPS Badr, Sanaa Qasem
Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology Vol. 2 No. 11 (2025): Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology
Publisher : PT. Antis International Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/jmgcb.v2i11.1419

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to review the current knowledge on the isolation of fungi from shrimps, focusing on their ecological roles, pathogenic potential, and biotechnological applications. Method: A systematic review of previous studies was conducted, highlighting both direct isolation techniques, such as surface sterilization, agar plate, and dilution methods, and indirect approaches, including molecular identification and metagenomics. Results: The findings reveal a wide diversity of fungal genera, such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Candida, and Cryptococcus, associated with shrimps, with implications for food safety, aquaculture health, and nutrient cycling in marine ecosystems. Several fungi were also identified as potential producers of bioactive compounds with antimicrobial and anticancer properties. Novelty: This review synthesizes traditional and modern approaches to fungal isolation in shrimp, bridging ecological insights with biotechnological potential, while emphasizing the urgent need for further research to address ecological risks and harness the benefits of marine-derived fungi in aquaculture and biotechnology.
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