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All Journal International Journal Multidisciplinary Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology (JMGCB)
Mahdi, Dunya Talib
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Education Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Physics

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GENETIC FEATURES OF STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE AND ITS ROLE IN CAUSING MENINGITIS Mahdi, Dunya Talib; Abed , Rana Jaafar
International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI) Vol. 1 No. 3 (2024): International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI)
Publisher : Antis-Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijmi.v1i3.188

Abstract

General background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major pathogen responsible for various severe diseases, including respiratory infections, bacteraemia, and otitis media, as well as bacterial meningitis. Specific background: Meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae is highly fatal, resulting from the bacteria crossing the blood-brain barrier into the subarachnoid space, triggering an immune response that can lead to central nervous system (CNS) damage. Knowledge gap: While vaccines like the pneumococcal conjugate and the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccines have reduced disease incidence, they remain insufficient against all serotypes, and antibiotic resistance is rising, underscoring the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Aims: This review aims to summarize the mechanisms by which S. pneumoniae causes meningitis, focusing on the interactions between CNS barriers, the host immune system, and the bacterial genetic features that facilitate infection. It also aims to highlight current limitations in treatment and the need for advanced genomic analyses for new therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. Results: The study outlines how S. pneumoniae colonizes the nasopharynx, evades host immune defenses, and crosses CNS barriers, leading to neuronal damage through inflammatory processes. Existing vaccines show efficacy but fail to cover all serotypes, and increasing antibiotic resistance exacerbates the challenge. Novelty: This review integrates knowledge of both bacterial genetics and host immune responses, emphasizing the interplay that drives CNS injury in meningitis. Furthermore, it stresses the critical need for refined genomic approaches to develop new therapeutic targets. Implications: Understanding the pathogenesis of S. pneumoniae meningitis and advancing vaccine development are crucial for reducing mortality and improving clinical outcomes in both children and adults globally.
Exploring the Ecological Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Klebsiella Species in Diverse Environmental Niches Mahdi, Dunya Talib
Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology Vol. 1 No. 5 (2024): Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology
Publisher : PT. Antis International Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/jmgcb.v1i5.485

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem in bacterial pathogens, particularly in hospital-acquired nosocomial infections. Klebsiella is an important pathogen that causes various infections in hospitalized immunocompromised patients. Therefore, this study aims to fill this knowledge gap and provide insights into the correct detection and antibiotic resistance pattern of these organisms. we will investigate the spread of pneumonia bacteria, Klebsiella, isolate and identify it from different environmental sites, including human, soil, and water, also study the characteristics of antibiotic resistance and find similarities and differences between bacterial isolates. Finally, we detect the associated antibiotics resistance gene (CTX-M), using the genetic RT-PCR method. The study provides valuable information on the prevalence of antibiotic resistant Klebsiella spp. in different clinical and environmental sites, which can help in the development of effective strategies to control the spread of these bacteria. The study found that among all 86 isolated strains of Klebsiella spp. it was found that K. pneumoniae represents the major abundant strain in both clinical and environmental samples by percentages 41.5% and 51.5% respectively. It concerns also the highest ESBL production 71.7%, along with 58% CTX-M gene expression
Co-Authors Abed , Rana Jaafar