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RETRACTION: Challenges of Amnesty Programme for Post Conflict Peacebuilding in Nigeria’s Niger Delta Anthony Agbegbedia; Matthew Fadope
ARRUS Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 5 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : PT ARRUS Intelektual Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35877/soshum2928

Abstract

The above article has been retracted at the request of the authors. Following publication, the authors disclosed the existence of a conflict of interest that was not declared at the time of submission. The conflict pertains to the institutional and professional relationships of the corresponding author with parties whose interests intersect with the policy positions and findings discussed in this article — specifically in relation to ongoing conflicts between Federal University Oye-Ekiti and its host community, which informed part of the analytical framing of this work. In light of this undisclosed conflict, and consistent with the journal's ethical standards and the COPE Retraction Guidelines, the Editorial Board has accepted the authors' request for retraction. The retraction has been approved by all co-authors. The original article remains accessible online and is clearly marked as RETRACTED. No findings of fraud, data fabrication, or plagiarism have been made in connection with this retraction. Published online: 31 October 2025 - Retracted: 4 June 2026.
RETRACTION: Causes Of Pastoralists And Farmers’ Conflict In Benue State Nigeria And Integrating Nomadic Education For Managing It Anthony Agbegbedia; Norah Ene Awe
ARRUS Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 5 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : PT ARRUS Intelektual Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35877/soshum4125

Abstract

The above article has been retracted at the request of the authors. Following publication, the authors disclosed that a conflict of interest exists between one of the co-authors and the Federal University Oye-Ekiti — the institution whose affiliated researchers are prominently featured in the study's contextual framing — which was not declared at the time of submission. Specifically, the nature, causes, and management of conflict between Federal University Oye-Ekiti and its host community constitute a thematic backdrop that intersects with the authors' institutional affiliations and professional relationships in ways that may have unduly influenced the interpretation and framing of findings presented in this article. The authors and the Editorial Board of Soshum agree that, in the interest of transparency and research integrity, retraction is the appropriate course of action. The retraction has been approved by all co-authors. The original article remains accessible online and is clearly marked as RETRACTED in accordance with COPE Retraction Guidelines. The retraction does not imply any finding of fraud or data fabrication. Published online: 12 December 2025 - Retracted: 4 June 2026.