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Diplomasi dan Ekspedisi Militer Belanda terhadap Tiga Kerajaan Lokal di Sulawesi Selatan, 1824-1860 Latif, Abd
SOSIOHUMANIKA Vol 7, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : ASPENSI in Bandung, Indonesia

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RESUME: Pada pertengahan tahun 1824, Belanda tidak puas melihat Bone menjadi satu-satunya pemegang hegemoni politik di Sulawesi Selatan. Oleh karena itu, pada Juli 1824, Gubernur Jenderal Belanda, yang berkedudukan di Batavia (sekarang Jakarta), datang ke Makassar untuk bermusyawarah dengan raja-raja di Sulawesi Selatan untuk menetapkan struktur politik baru yang sebelumnya telah dirancang secara sepihak oleh Belanda. Dalam rancangan itu, Belanda diletakkan di atas puncak struktur politik, sedangkan Bone dan kerajaan-kerajaan lokal lainnya berada di bawahnya. Kajian ini menggunakan analisis isi terhadap manuskrip lokal yang disebut “lontaraq” dan analisis terhadap beberapa sumber kedua. Kajian ini menemukan bahwa Sidenreng yang terletak di tengah Sulawesi Selatan, Gowa, dan kerajaan-kerajaan yang terletak di selatan Makassar menyetujui rancangan struktur politik, yang diputuskan dalam Kontrak Bungaya yang Diperbaharui pada 27 Agustus 1824. Kontrak Bungaya yang Diperbaharui ini memberi kesempatan kepada Sidenreng, Gowa, dan kerajaan-kerajaan kecil di selatan Makassar untuk menarik diri (merdeka) dari pengaruh politik Bone. Sebaliknya, Raja Bone, Raja Tanete, dan Raja Suppa tidak menyetujui Kontrak Bungaya yang Diperbaharui, karena kontrak itu berakibat pada berkurangnya pengaruh politik Bone terhadap semua kerajaan lokal di Sulawesi Selatan. Kata Kunci: Diplomasi, Kontrak Bungaya yang Diperbaharui, struktur politik, diplomasi, ekspedisi militer Belanda, kerajaan lokal, dan Sulawesi Selatan. ABSTRACT: “The Dutch Diplomacy and Military Expedition against the Three Local Kingdoms in South Sulawesi, 1824-1860”. In mid-1824, the Dutch was unhappy to see Bone became the sole political hegemony in South Sulawesi. Therefore, in July 1824, the Governor-General of the Netherlands, located in Batavia (now Jakarta), came to Makassar for consultation with the kings of the South Sulawesi to establish the new political structures that have previously been designed unilaterally by the Dutch. In the draft, the Dutch was placed as top of the political structure, while Bone and other local kingdoms beneath it. This study uses a content analysis of local manuscripts called "lontaraq" and analysis of some secondary sources. This study found that Sidenreng located in the center of South Sulawesi, Gowa, and kingdoms located in the southern Makassar approve the draft of political structure that be decided under the Bungaya Contract which was renewed on August 27, 1824. This revised Bungaya Contract gave an opportunity to Sidenreng, Gowa, and small kingdoms in the south of Makassar to withdraw (free) from the political influence of Bone. Instead, King of Bone, King of Tanete, and King of Suppa did not approve the renewed Bungaya Contract, because the contract resulted in minimising the political influence of Bone to all the local kingdoms in South Sulawesi.KEY WORD: Diplomacy, renewed Bungaya Contract, political structure, diplomacy, Netherlands military expedition, local kingdom, and South Sulawesi.About the Author: Dr. Abd Latif adalah Dosen di Jurusan Ilmu Sejarah, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya UNHAS (Universitas Hasanuddin) Makassar, Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan Km.10 Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia. Untuk kepentingan akademik, penulis bisa dihubungi dengan alamat e-mail: latifunhas@hotmail.com How to cite this article? Latif, Abd. (2014). “Diplomasi dan Ekspedisi Militer Belanda terhadap Tiga Kerajaan Lokal di Sulawesi Selatan, 1824-1860” in SOSIOHUMANIKA: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, Vol.7(2) November, pp.159-174. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press, UNHAS Makassar, and UNIPA Surabaya, ISSN 1979-0112. Chronicle of the article: Accepted (May 27, 2014); Revised (August 27, 2014); and Published (November 20, 2014).
The Conflict between Bone Kingdom and the British Authority in South Sulawesi, 1812-1816 Latif, Abd
TAWARIKH Vol 5, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : ASPENSI in Bandung, Indonesia

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Abstract

ABSTRACT: This article aimed to discuss the conflict between Bone Kingdom and the British Authority in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, during the period of 1812 through 1816. The political dynamics in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and early 19th century had affected the political dynamics in all areas of their colonies. In 1811, the Netherlands had to hand over their sovereignty over the Dutch Indies to the Britain, including South Sulawesi in March 1812. Before the British force arrived in Makassar, Bone Kingdom was the main Dutch ally and supporter in handling the political affairs in South Sulawesi. When the British force started to consolidate their position in South Sulawesi, the Kingdoms of Bone, Ternate, and Suppa refused to join forces nor to support the British authority. The result of the research also revealed that the Kingdom of Bone, which had so far a great role in the political affairs in South Sulawesi, was not invited to participate in the plan of the power transfer from the Dutch to the British authority. Therefore, Bone considered that the transfer of powers in South Sulawesi from the Dutch to the British was illegal and could not be recognized. This challenge by Bone, Ternate, and Suppa had made the British unable to control the whole territories which were used to be under the Dutch control, i.e. “Oostder Provincie” or the Eastern Province and “Noorder Provincie” or the Northern Province. During the British occupation, both Provinces was under the control of Bone; so, the British authority was concentrated in the City of Makassar.KEY WORDS: Kingdom of Bone, Britain, Rampegading palace, conflict, alliance, and Eastern Province and Northern Province in Sulawesi.About the Author: Dr. Abd Latif is a Senior Lecturer at the Department of History, Faculty of Humanities UNHAS (Hasanuddin University) in Makassar City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. For academic purposes, the author can be contacted via his e-mail address at: latifunhas@hotmail.comHow to cite this article? Latif, Abd. (2014). “The Conflict between Bone Kingdom and the British Authority in South Sulawesi, 1812-1816” in TAWARIKH: International Journal for Historical Studies, Vol.5(2) April, pp.145-160. Bandung, Indonesia: ASPENSI [Asosiasi Sarjana Pendidikan Sejarah Indonesia] and UVRI [Universitas Veteran Republik Indonesia], ISSN 2085-0980.Chronicle of the article: Accepted (February 6, 2014); Revised (March 9, 2014); and Published (April 28, 2014).