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All Journal INFOKUM Jurnal Info Sains : Informatika dan Sains
Parlin Siagian
Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia
Computer Science & IT

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Performance Study of OCR (Over Current Relay) and GFR (Ground Fault Relay) Relays as Protection In 20 Kv Cubicles in Selayang GH PT. PLN UP2D North Sumatra Apda Eriansyah; Parlin Siagian; Rahmaniar Rahmaniar
Jurnal Info Sains : Informatika dan Sains Vol. 16 No. 02 (2026): Info sains, 2026
Publisher : SEAN Institute

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Abstract

Power system protection is crucial for maintaining energy distribution reliability. This study aims to evaluate the performance of Over Current Relay (OCR) and Ground Fault Relay (GFR) as protection systems in 20 kV cubicles at Selayang Switching Station (GH) PT PLN UP2D North Sumatra. The research method used is descriptive quantitative with an engineering case study approach. Data were collected through field observations, short-circuit fault current calculations, and physical testing using the Omicron CMC 353 secondary current injection tool. The results show that the maximum short-circuit fault current of 14.4 kA is still below the circuit breaker's breaking capacity of 16 kA. The pick-up current settings on feeders SLY 05, SLY 06, and SLY 07 met the sensitivity criterion (1.2 x Imax), and the time coordination (grading margin) between protection devices was within the ideal range of 0.25 to 0.5 seconds. Validation through injection testing showed high accuracy with an average operating time deviation of less than 10% according to PLN standards. The conclusion of this study confirms that the protection system at GH Selayang operates efficiently, precisely, and reliably in securing network assets and ensuring the continuity of electricity supply.
Impact of Stator Resistance Unbalance on the Efficiency and Torque of Three-Phase Induction Motor Muhamad Vickry Almuhtadi Billah; Siti Anisah; Parlin Siagian
Jurnal Info Sains : Informatika dan Sains Vol. 16 No. 02 (2026): Info sains, 2026
Publisher : SEAN Institute

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Abstract

Three-phase induction motors are the main components in industrial power systems; However, their performance is vulnerable to internal disturbances such as stator resistance imbalance caused by aging, overheating, or manufacturing defects. This study aims to regularly analyze the impact of stator resistance imbalance on the efficiency and torque characteristics of a squirrel-cage induction motor using mathematical modeling based on an equivalent circuit. Unlike previous studies that employed external resistors, this research directly modifies the stator resistance parameters in the model to represent more realistic internal degradation. Simulations were conducted on a 3.73 kW, 400 V, 50 Hz motor with stator resistance imbalance variations ranging from 0% to 20%. The results show that the imbalance causes uneven current distribution and an increase in stator copper losses of up to 5.94% at the 20% imbalance condition, although the current imbalance percentage remains below 1%. As a result, the efficiency decreases linearly from 92.97% to 92.62%, while the mechanical torque experiences a slight reduction from 95.88 Nm to 95.28 Nm. This phenomenon also has the potential to increase torque ripple and uneven heating. The study demonstrates that even small stator resistance imbalances have a significant impact on motor performance and lifespan, and therefore should be considered in predictive maintenance strategies and energy efficiency optimization.
Efficiency Analysis of A 3-Phase Induction Motor using a Variable Speed Drive as a Speed Controller at PT. Indonesia Asahan Aluminum Muchamad Affan; Parlin Siagian; Dino Erivianto
Jurnal Info Sains : Informatika dan Sains Vol. 16 No. 02 (2026): Info sains, 2026
Publisher : SEAN Institute

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This paper analyzes the efficiency performance of a 7.5 kW three-phase induction motor controlled by a Variable Speed ​​Drive (VSD) for industrial speed regulation applications. The motor is rated at 380 V, 50 Hz, four poles, with a nominal speed of 1440 rpm. A constant voltage-to-frequency (V/f) control strategy is implemented with operating frequencies varying from 30 Hz to 50 Hz. Simulation-based analysis is conducted to evaluate electrical input power, mechanical output power, rotational speed, torque, and efficiency under different operating conditions. The results show that the motor input power decreases from approximately 8.0 kW at 50 Hz to 4.0 kW at 30 Hz, indicating significant energy-saving potential during partial-speed operation. Motor efficiency increases with frequency, ranging from 80.0% at 30 Hz to a maximum of 88.8% at the rated frequency. The reduced efficiency at lower frequencies is mainly attributed to the dominance of constant losses such as core and mechanical losses. The study confirms that VSD-based speed control improves operational flexibility and enhances energy efficiency of three-phase induction motors, making it suitable for industrial applications with variable load and speed requirements.
Electrical System Design for a Telecommunication Tower at Site Mdn302 Mabar Gudang, Medan City Wahyu Pranata; Dino Erivianto; Parlin Siagian
INFOKUM Vol. 14 No. 03 (2026): Infokum, May - June 2026
Publisher : Sean Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58471/infokum.v14i03.3089

Abstract

This study discusses the analysis of the electrical system at the MDN302 Mabar Gudang Site, which is used to support the operation of telecommunications equipment. The electricity supply at the site comes from a three-phase PLN network with a voltage of 380/220 V, but the installed operational loads use a single-phase system (phase–neutral). The study was conducted through field surveys, electrical parameter measurements, and technical calculation analysis to evaluate the performance of the electrical distribution system. The analysis includes power calculations, system current, distribution cable voltage drop, MCB capacity selection, and evaluation of the grounding and lightning protection systems. Voltage drop calculations were performed using a single-phase system approach with copper conductors and international units (SI). The calculation results show that the voltage drop value on all distribution lines is below the maximum limit of 5% according to the 2011 PUIL standard. The grounding resistance value obtained of 0.5 Ω also indicates that the grounding system has met safety requirements. In addition to technical aspects, this study also presents a Bill of Quantities (BoQ) as part of the electrical system material planning. The selection of MCB capacity and relatively large cable sizes was carried out as a long-term planning strategy to anticipate future load increases. Based on the analysis results, the electrical system at Site MDN302 Mabar Gudang was declared safe, reliable, and feasible for operation.
Impact of Stator Resistance Unbalance on the Efficiency and Torque of Three-Phase Induction Motor Muhamad Vickry Almuhtadi Billah; Siti Anisah; Parlin Siagian
INFOKUM Vol. 14 No. 03 (2026): Infokum, May - June 2026
Publisher : Sean Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58471/infokum.v14i03.3090

Abstract

Three-phase induction motors are key components in industrial power systems, but their performance is susceptible to internal disturbances such as stator resistance imbalance caused by aging, overheating, or manufacturing defects. This study aims to systematically analyze the impact of stator resistance imbalance on the efficiency and torque characteristics of squirrel cage rotor induction motors using equivalent circuit-based mathematical modeling. Unlike previous studies that used external resistors, this study modifies the stator resistance parameters directly in the model to represent more realistic internal degradation. Simulations were performed on a 3.73 kW, 400 V, 50 Hz motor with resistance imbalance variations from 0% to 20%. The results show that the imbalance causes uneven current distribution and an increase in stator copper losses of up to 5.94% at 20% conditions, although the percentage of current imbalance remains below 1%. As a result, the efficiency decreases linearly from 92.97% to 92.62%, while the mechanical torque experiences a small decrease from 95.88 Nm to 95.28 Nm. This phenomenon also has the potential to increase torque ripple and uneven heating. This study demonstrates that stator resistance imbalance, even small ones, has a significant impact on motor performance and lifespan, and therefore needs to be considered in predictive maintenance strategies and energy efficiency optimization.
Repairing Electrical Power Imbalances on the MDP Panel for Operational Reliability at State Vocational School 1 Stabat Muhammad Ady Pratama; Haris Gunawan; Parlin Siagian
INFOKUM Vol. 14 No. 03 (2026): Infokum, May - June 2026
Publisher : Sean Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58471/infokum.v14i03.3093

Abstract

Power imbalance in a three-phase system is a critical issue that can disrupt the operational reliability of equipment, particularly in installations such as SMK Negeri 1 Stabat. This problem was identified in the Main Distribution Panel (MDP) which showed an imbalance in the load between phases (R, S, and T), which caused an increase in the current flowing in the neutral conductor. Current measurements conducted over five days showed a high percentage of imbalance, especially during the day (peak operating hours), with the highest value reaching 26.24% on Tuesday afternoon, far exceeding the ideal limit (generally <10%). The impact of this imbalance is power losses, increased temperatures in cables and transformers, and potential equipment damage. To overcome this problem and improve the reliability of the system, three main improvement solutions were implemented: (1) Replacing the input cable from MDP to several SDPs from 4x16mm² to 3x50mm² + N to adjust the load, (2) Repairing the cable lugs in the SDP panels that were corroded or loose to eliminate voltage losses, and (3) Increasing the school's electrical power from 53 Kva (MCCB 80A) to 66 Kva (MCCB 100A). The implementation of this solution succeeded in reducing the trip frequency on the main MCCB and increasing the operational reliability of the electrical system as a whole.
Co-Authors Apda Eriansyah Dino Erivianto Haris Gunawan Muchamad Affan Muhamad Vickry Almuhtadi Billah Muhammad Ady Pratama Rahmaniar Rahmaniar Siti Anisah Wahyu Pranata