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Ilham Ahmad
State Agricultural Polytechnic of Pangkajene Islands
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Education Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics

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Optimization of Wet Rendering and Alkali Neutralization for Omega-3-Rich Oil Production from Milkfish (Chanos chanos) Ilham Ahmad; Rahmawati Saleh; Nurlaeli Fattah; Imran Muhtar; Luthfiah
Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA Vol 11 No 11 (2025): November
Publisher : Postgraduate, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jppipa.v11i11.12538

Abstract

This study addresses the instability, off-flavors, and variable quality that limit the use of fish oil as an omega-3 source, particularly from milkfish (Chanos chanos). The research aims to produce omega-3-rich milkfish oil that meets international quality standards and is suitable for microencapsulation. Fresh milkfish was processed using wet rendering at four temperatures (70, 80, 90, and 100°C) and three heating times (30, 40, and 60 min). The crude oil was then refined by alkali neutralization with different NaOH concentrations. Oil yield and oxidative quality parameters—peroxide value, p-anisidine value, total oxidation (TOTOX), and acid value—were measured and analyzed using factorial ANOVA. The highest yield (0.29%) was obtained at 100°C for 60 min. Peroxide and anisidine values (3.44 and 11.75 meq/kg) and TOTOX (<20 meq/kg) complied with International Fish Oil Standards, whereas acid values (2.43–2.68 mg KOH/g) exceeded the limit at prolonged high-temperature extraction. These results indicate that higher temperatures increase oil recovery but promote hydrolytic degradation. Careful optimization of time and temperature is therefore required to obtain stable, high-quality omega-3 milkfish oil for further microencapsulation and application in health-oriented food products.
Co-Authors Imran Muhtar Luthfiah Nurlaeli Fattah Rahmawati Saleh