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Asidi, Djonive Munene
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences Environmental Science

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Granulometric and Mineralogical Characterization of Sands from the Middle Course of the Kasai River (Ilebo Territory, Kasai Province, DRC) Kitshabi, Lowny Trésor Madienga; Tshiwisa, Ivon Ndala Tshiwisa; Muke, Modeste Kisangala; Thomas Kanika Mayena, Thomas Kanika; Osomba, Dominique Wetshondo Osomba; Nkula, Valentin Kanda; Asidi, Djonive Munene; Makutu, Adalbert-Jules
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): July-December
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.2024.1041

Abstract

This study addresses sediment dynamics within the fluvial system of the middle Kasai Basin, specifically between Ilebo town (pk605) and the confluence with the Loange River (pk525). The primary aim is to characterize the granulometric and mineralogical evolution of sand bars in the Kasai River, which pose navigational challenges in this section of the basin. The study seeks to answer the following question: How do the granulometric and mineralogical characteristics of sands transported by the middle course of the Kasai River evolve? The research employs laboratory granulometric techniques. Twenty sand samples were collected from sand bars along the middle and navigable course of the Kasai River during the flood recession period, ranging from upstream to downstream. Sieving was conducted using an AFNOR-type sieve column, followed by sedimentometric analyses and the calculation of various Folk & Ward textural parameters using the Excel program Gradistat. Additionally, six samples underwent automated mineralogical analysis using a QEMSCAN FEG Quanta 650. Granulometric analysis revealed that the sands from the middle course of the Kasai River are unimodal, with fine to medium grains in the granulometric fraction ranging from 186.2 µm to 426.8 µm. Most of these sands are moderately to well graded, with grains showing granulometric symmetry and, less commonly, fine asymmetry. Their kurtosis is largely mesokurtic, with occasional leptokurtic and platykurtic characteristics, indicating multiple depositional environments. The study demonstrates that the evolution of these granulometric parameters is uneven along the middle course of the Kasai River, though overall, the parameters exhibit limited variation. This suggests minimal and regular sediment inputs, consistent with the relative regularity of granulometric variations in environments characterized by free sedimentation. Automated mineralogical analysis identified a diverse mineralogical assemblage, dominated by quartz, followed by calcite, iron oxides, orthoclase, plagioclase, and kaolinite. Additionally, a group of minerals that do not exceed the 0.55% threshold—such as illite, apatite, ilmenite, muscovite, chlorite, biotite, montmorillonite, rutile, pyrophyllite, siderite, zircon, and dolomite—was identified. Consequently, the mineralogical evolution is not uniform throughout the middle course of the Kasai River, showing a sawtooth variation. This study clarifies the evolution of the granulometric parameters of Kasai River sands, which are influenced by the river's hydrodynamic regime. It also elucidates the mineralogical evolution, linked to the petrographic nature of source areas, which are distributed based on their mechanical resistance to abrasion, chemical alteration, and the morphology of the riverbed. The findings from this research contribute significantly to the field of sedimentology and integrated river management
Analysis of Forest Cover in the Tumba-Lediima Nature Reserve (RTL-DRC) Frey, Sylvestre; Musas, André Musas A; Kibamba, Nestor Anzola; Mboma, Sebastien Kidushi; Simboni, Tege Simboni; Asidi, Djonive Munene
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): January-June
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.2025.1307

Abstract

This study analyzes the evolution of forest cover in the Tumba-Lediima Nature Reserve between 2010 and 2022, a period marked by increasing anthropogenic pressures.  The main drivers of deforestation identified are agricultural expansion, illegal exploitation of forest resources and urbanization. These activities have led to the fragmentation of critical habitats, putting endemic and threatened species at risk, while also compromising the ecological integrity of the reserve. Furthermore, local communities face diminished livelihoods due to reduced access to natural resources. These dynamics lead to a critical loss of biodiversity, affecting critical habitats and compromising the livelihoods of local communities. Using Landsat 7 and 8 satellite imagery, combined with NDVI calculation and supervised classifications validated by a high Kappa coefficient, this study provides an accurate mapping of land cover change. The results reveal an alarming reduction in primary forest cover, accompanied by an increase in secondary forests and fallow land, suggesting limited potential for regeneration. This pattern underscores the urgent need to address the drivers of deforestation through targeted actions. These trends call for urgent conservation measures, including the targeted regeneration of degraded areas, the strengthening of environmental laws and the integration of local communities in the sustainable management of resources. By proposing concrete strategies in the short, medium and long term, this study offers essential perspectives for preserving the biodiversity and ecological resilience of the reserve. By proposing actionable strategies in the short, medium, and long term, this study provides a roadmap for preserving not only the biodiversity and ecological resilience of the reserve but also offers scalable solutions for similar tropical forest regions facing comparable challenges.
Co-Authors Frey, Sylvestre Kibamba, Nestor Anzola Kitshabi, Lowny Trésor Madienga Makutu, Adalbert-Jules Mboma, Sebastien Kidushi Muke, Modeste Kisangala Musas, André Musas A Nkula, Valentin Kanda Osomba, Dominique Wetshondo Osomba Simboni, Tege Simboni Thomas Kanika Mayena, Thomas Kanika Tshiwisa, Ivon Ndala Tshiwisa