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Vichiansan, Norrapon
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Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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Innovative Approach to Graphene Film Synthesis: Factorial Design in PECVD Experiments Pitjamit, Siwasit; Vichiansan, Norrapon; Leksakul, Komgrit
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 57 No. 1 (2025): Vol. 57 No. 1 (2025): February
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2025.57.1.6

Abstract

Graphene, a two-dimensional carbon allotrope, has garnered significant interest due to its exceptional properties and diverse applications. This study investigates the optimization of graphene synthesis parameters using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) to enhance film properties and broaden their application potentials. Using a comprehensive factorial design approach, factors including electric power (ranging from 60 to 100 W), the acetylene-to-hydrogen ratio (ranging from 30:70 to 50:50), and discharge time (ranging from 10 to 30 minutes) were systematically varied, and film thickness and the D/G ratio served as response variables. The experimental results revealed the significant effects of these parameters on film thickness, with optimal conditions identified as an electric power of 100 W, an acetylene-to-hydrogen ratio of 50:50, and a discharge time of 10 min. The average film thickness ranged from 41.51 to 253.80 nm. Morphological and structural analyses using atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy elucidated the impact of synthesis parameters on film characteristics, with the D/G ratio varying from 0.75 to 1.8, indicating the degree of graphitization and defect density. Furthermore, surface properties and wettability were assessed using contact angle measurements, providing insights into surface interactions crucial for various applications. This study culminates in discussions on the implications for graphene synthesis optimization and its potential applications across diverse fields. Overall, this research contributes to advancing the understanding of graphene synthesis methodologies and underscores its significance in driving technological innovations.
Optimization of Ultrasonic and Microbubble Disinfection for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus: Experimental Design and Effectiveness Evaluation Pitjamit, Siwasit; Vichiansan, Norrapon; Leksakul, Komgrit; Boonyawan, Dheerawan
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 56 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.6.6

Abstract

This study investigated the synergistic application of ultrasonic (UL) and microbubble (MB) technologies for the disinfection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Optimal conditions for both techniques were determined through a comprehensive experimental design, resulting in an effective disinfection rate of 100% as assessed by the ten-fold dilution spread plate count method. The study evaluated three key parameters of the UL/MB system, i.e., UL duration time, MB duration time, and gas flow rate within the ranges of 30-60 sec, 30-60 sec, and 15-30 ml/min, respectively. A 2k full factorial design with three replications, five center points, and blocking was employed for robust statistical analysis. Based on the empirical data and rigorous statistical examination, the optimal conditions for achieving sterilization of E. coli and S. aureus were determined as 30 sec UL duration, 30 sec MB duration, and 30 ml/min gas flow rate; and 60 sec UL duration, 60 sec MB duration, and 15 ml/min gas flow rate, respectively. Utilizing these optimal conditions, the disinfection efficacy was assessed, revealing an inhibition rate of 54% for E. coli and an inhibition rate of 19% for S. aureus, with consistent improvement observed across the three replication trials. These findings underscore the potential of UL/MB technology as an effective disinfection strategy against common bacterial pathogens
Co-Authors Boonyawan, Dheerawan Leksakul, Komgrit Pitjamit, Siwasit