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All Journal JPPUMA: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan dan Sosial Politik Universitas Medan Area PERSPEKTIF
Ezebuilo, Paul Chibuike
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Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences

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Electoral Violence and the Ethnic Question in Nigeria: Analysis of the 2023 Elections Chineyemba, Lydia Isioma; Chukwudi, Celestina Ekene; Ezebuilo, Paul Chibuike
JPPUMA: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan dan Sosial Politik UMA (Journal of Governance and Political UMA) Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024): JPPUMA: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan dan Sosial Politik UMA (Journal of Governance
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31289/jppuma.v12i2.12523

Abstract

Violence has become a serious threat, birthing crime, insecurity, and ethnic hatred that threaten national unity. While violence has remained an obstacle to the peaceful conduct of elections, it assumed a disturbing dimension in Lagos during the 2023 elections, where ethnicity was weaponized to polarise the nation. Whereas studies on electoral violence abound in literature, the desperation and impunity that trailed the 2023 elections and the tribal hatred it generated are dimensions of electoral violence requiring investigation. Therefore, this paper aims to highlight the violence that characterized the 2023 elections in Lagos State. It examined the ethnic bigotry that triggered the violence and its implications for peaceful coexistence and national unity. A qualitative data collection method uses secondary data from books, journals, newspapers, and magazines. Content analysis is chosen for better analysis of the study. Employing race and ethnicity and relative deprivation theories, the study found that ethnic violence was a scheme deviously politicized to instigate electoral violence in the bid to retain political power. Findings from the study showed that the violence threatened peaceful coexistence and the sense of brotherhood among Nigerians. It recommended stringent sanctions for the perpetrators of violence and the parties they represent. Policymakers will benefit from this study as it will provide the information needed for policymaking on handling electoral and non-electoral violence.
Unpacking the Political Economy of Member States’ Withdrawal from ECOWAS: The Cases of Burkina Faso, Mali, and the Niger Republic Celestina Ekene Chukwudi; Essien, Nick Peter; Ezebuilo, Paul Chibuike
PERSPEKTIF Vol. 14 No. 4 (2025): PERSPEKTIF
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31289/perspektif.v14i4.15940

Abstract

The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is a regional organisation that has worked since its inception to maintain member states' unification and improved relationships with other regional and Western nations to ensure political and socio-economic development. Despite all efforts, ECOWAS faces numerous challenges, such as an undemocratic government, insecurity, a lack of member cooperation, and, most recently, the exit of its trio-member nations. The study explores the political and socio-economic consequences of ECOWAS member nations like Mali, Burkina Faso, and the Niger’s exit, and the effect on regional integration and cooperation. Rational Choice theory was adopted as a theoretical framework suitable for the underpinnings of this study. A qualitative research method, i.e., content analysis, was adopted to analyse the collated data. The study used secondary sources of data collection, e.g., textbooks, journals, conference proceedings, and internet sources, which were thematically discussed. The study finds that the trio-member nations that withdrew their membership are not parasitic and dependent on ECOWAS but have contributed to the continuous well-being of the organisation towards promoting and ensuring the regional integration, cooperation, growth, and development at large. The study concluded that the ECOWAS political and socio-economic system has been seriously affected, including the organisational image and recognition in Africa and globally. The study recommends that policymakers and international organisations such as ECOWAS, AU, EU, etc., should ensure inclusivity of all member nations, which would bring a sense of value and belonging that will keep them committed and loyal to their organizations, to avoid any member nation rising to disobey the principles of this organisation with the mindset of exit.
Co-Authors Celestina Ekene Chukwudi Chineyemba, Lydia Isioma Chukwudi, Celestina Ekene Essien, Nick Peter