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Ristic, Jelena
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Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

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Adaptive Seismic Upgrading of Isolated Bridges with C-Gapped Devices: Model Testing Ristic, Jelena; Ristic, Danilo; Behrami, Ragip; Hristovski, Viktor
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 9 (2024): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-01

Abstract

The seismic safety margins of seismically isolated bridges have not been thoroughly studied or comprehended due to a lack of actual on-site data observations. This study introduces a newly validated method for the efficient seismic protection of bridges that may be exposed to extremely strong, multidirectional near-source and critical far-source earthquakes. The isolated system was improved by incorporating innovative adaptive horizontal C-multigapped (HC-MG) energy dissipation devices to overcome the safety limitations associated with solely using isolated bridges under seismic loads. The newly developed adaptive C-gapped (ACG) bridge system was systematically validated through extensive experimental seismic tests on bridge models and additional analytical studies. The new ACG bridge system represents an advanced technical solution that integrates the benefits of seismic isolation and energy dissipation. The seismic isolation system for the large-scale ACG bridge prototype was designed using double spherical rolling seismic bearings (DSRSB). The seismic performance of the system was enhanced with adaptive HC-MG energy dissipation devices. The improved seismic performance of the system was demonstrated through extensive seismic shaking-table tests on the ACG bridge prototype, simulating selected seismic inputs characteristic of typical near- and far-source earthquakes. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-01 Full Text: PDF
Optionally Reinforced Columns Under Simulated Seismic and Time Varying Axial Loads: Advanced HYLSER-2 Testing Ristic, Jelena; Guri, Zijadin; Ristic, Danilo
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 10 (2024): October
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-10-09

Abstract

Steel- and composite-reinforced columns (SRC and CRC columns) provide alternative solutions for common and harsh environments. Although extensive research has been conducted on these columns, direct comparative studies of SRC and CRC columns under seismic conditions, with consistent testing and realistic load simulations, remain limited. This study examined the nonlinear seismic responses of nine ordinary steel-reinforced concrete column models constructed alternatively with normal-strength and high-strength concretes under simulated earthquakes and time-varying axial loads. A developed advanced HYLSER-2 seismic testing system was employed to conduct seismic tests. Spiral transversal reinforcement with pitches of 6.0 and 9.0 cm was used to explore the effects of concrete confinement. The HYLSER-2 seismic tests, conducted under various interactively simulated earthquake intensities and time-varying axial loads, yielded crucial experimental results. Additionally, an extensive complementary analytical study was conducted to provide comparative insights between steel-reinforced columns (SRC) and composite-reinforced columns (CRC) with novel glass fiber-reinforced (GFRP) bars. The analytical study was conducted using experimentally proven advanced nonlinear analytical micromodels. The analytical results highlight the hysteretic behavior of columns reinforced with ordinary steel and novel GFRP reinforcing bars under the simulated combined effects of reversed cyclic bending and time-varying axial loads. The findings form a critical basis for advancing seismic design strategies for SRC and CRC columns exposed to strong earthquakes and high-time variations in axial loads. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-10-09 Full Text: PDF
Advanced Flood Characterization Focused to Optimal City Protection Planning Hajdari Llapashtica, Venera; Misini, Labeat; Gjorgjiev, Igor; Ivanoski, Dragan; Ristic, Jelena; Ristic, Danilo
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 3 (2026): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-03-018

Abstract

Following the increasing demand for optimal protection of urban areas against natural multi-hazards, we developed an upgraded urban development planning (UUDP) method integrating four principal planning layers along with the initial zero-planning layer and its related sublayers that systematically characterize the potential natural disasters. The significance of pre-planning characterization for natural disasters was demonstrated through a flood disaster case study, which included the flood analysis options of the historic city of Peja. Herein, we systematically review the representative results from a study on the characteristics and magnitudes of flood waves in the Bistrica River generated by storm runoff within the basin, completed using advanced worldwide HEC-HMS software. Consequently, the advanced HEC-RAS analysis software was employed to evaluate the effects of 24-h precipitation events on both the extent and magnitude of flooding. Existing multi-hazard effects were systematically incorporated into planning through the upgraded zero multi-layered method, which involved a detailed characterization of all relevant multi-hazards. The original flood hazard analysis results, including total inundated area (141.5 - 432.8 ha), maximum water depth (4.28 - 5.94 m) and velocity (4.76 - 5.94 m/s), clearly demonstrated tangible improvements in implementing the new UUDP method for optimal urban multi-hazard protection solutions.
Co-Authors Behrami, Ragip Gjorgjiev, Igor Guri, Zijadin Hajdari Llapashtica, Venera Hristovski, Viktor Ivanoski, Dragan Misini, Labeat Ristic, Danilo