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Shemal, Khalid
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Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

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Analyzing the Future Climate Change Impacts on Meteorological Parameters Using the LARS-WG Model Dheyaa, Mohammed A.; Al-Mukhtar, Mustafa M.; Shemal, Khalid
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 11 (2024): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-11-019

Abstract

This research aims to evaluate the impacts of climate changes and reveal the future trends on meteorological parameters, i.e., precipitation and temperature effects, in three major cities in Iraq, namely Baghdad, Wasit, and Maysan, which are located along the Tigris River basin. The LARS-WG8.0 model was employed, and five GCMs were used within CMIP6 under three different scenarios, i.e., SSP126, SSP245, and SSP585, for the period 2021-2100. The observed and simulated data were tested by the statistical criteria R, R2, NSE, and RMSE through the baseline period 2003-2022. In addition, using the K-S test for validation of the LARS-WG8.0 model resulted in accuracy and reliability. The future projections indicate that the average temperatures will increase until the end of the current century, with a difference of 1.86, 2.85, and 5.36°C. The fluctuations in precipitation occur throughout the winter, spring, and autumn months. The highest precipitation was recorded in December and January. Therefore, all GCMs give a unified indicator of future climate forecasts. Rising temperatures and fluctuations in precipitation negatively impacted water and food security. As a result, this will impact the water resources and agricultural sectors. This research contributes to exploring the future climate behavior of the study area. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-11-019 Full Text: PDF
Enhancing Operating Rules for Water Pumping Stations Under Transient Flow Conditions by Using Surge Tanks Abdulameer, Layth; Shemal, Khalid; Al-Maimuri, Najah M. L.; Al-Khafaji, Mahmoud Saleh; Al-Dujaili, Ahmed N.; Rashid, Farhan Lafta
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 7 (2025): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-07-015

Abstract

With an emphasis on Pump Station 1 (PS1) of the Basra Water Project (Open Canal) in Iraq, this study examines the essential hydraulic parameters of water pumping stations under transient flow situations. The study assesses the effects of routine operations, unexpected shutdowns, and surge tank installations on pressure stability and system flexibility using hydraulic modeling with HAMMER V8i. The findings show notable changes in pressure during brief occurrences. An abrupt shutdown without surge tank protection resulted in minimum pressures of 12.5 m in pipes L1 and L2, exposing them to hydraulic transient effects. The maximum pipe pressure under normal circumstances was 17.5 m (L3). Because of its exposure to low-pressure occurrences, the analysis identifies L1 as the most in-danger pipeline. It has been demonstrated that traditional operating procedures, which frequently ignore transient dynamics, increase the probability of service disruption and lead to inefficiency. In contrast, adding surge tanks reduces pressure variability and lessens the impacts of the water hammer, significantly increasing pressure stability, especially when three tanks are used. The results highlight how adaptable operational procedures are essential for employing and managing water delivery systems. According to the study findings, adding surge tanks improves durability and performance while lowering the risks of transient flow occurrences. This offers a guide for restructuring water pumping station operations.
Co-Authors Abdulameer, Layth Al-Dujaili, Ahmed N. Al-Khafaji, Mahmoud Saleh Al-Maimuri, Najah M. L. Al-Mukhtar, Mustafa M. Dheyaa, Mohammed A. Farhan Lafta Rashid