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Chenenje, Solomon Luvonga
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Arts Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media

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Effect of Lukabarasi Morphology on the Quality of Written Kiswahili Among Secondary School Students in Kakamega North Sub County Chenenje, Solomon Luvonga
Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching (JLLLT) Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching (JLLLT)
Publisher : Asosiasi Dosen Perguruan Tinggi Islam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37249/jlllt.v4i1.808

Abstract

Although there is a resemblance in some of the Lukabarasi and Kiswahili lexical items, some morphological structures are incompatible and, consequently, cause errors or mistakes. The main objective of the study is to analyze the effect of Lukabarasi morphology on the quality of written Kiswahili language among secondary school students in the Kakamega North sub-county. Specific objectives are to scrutinize the main agents of transfer of errors from L1 to L2 and how Lukabarasi affects the quality of written Kiswahili in the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education examination. The study was analyzed within the framework of Interlanguage theory by Larry Selinker (1972), which stated that during the acquisition of a second language, the learner transfers the rules from the L1 to L2, and if the two have distinct structures, the errors occur in the L2. Questionnaires were channelled to 17 teachers and 76 form-one students who were selected purposively from 10-day schools until the saturation stage was attained. The oral interview was applied to 25 parents of some of the students who were selected based on the convenience sampling technique. The study revealed that to express politeness in communication, Lukabarasi speakers add the suffix (-kho) and (-nga) to the verbs in the present simple tense. When such rules are transferred from Lukabarasi to Kiswahili, morphological errors occur, and during prefixation in Kiswahili, some Kabarasi students use a instead of ha. This alteration of (-h-) renders the lexical items erroneous. The study further found that parents are the main agents of the transfer of errors from L1 to L2 in the early years, which makes it difficult to correct the learner at the secondary school level. Therefore, Lukabarasi morphology affects the quality of written Kiswahili negatively. It is not unique to Lukabarasi but also to other dialects of the Luhya speech community.
Phonological Basis of Mispronunciation in Spoken English of Kabarasi People in Social Setting Chenenje, Solomon Luvonga
Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching (JLLLT) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching (JLLLT)
Publisher : Asosiasi Dosen Perguruan Tinggi Islam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37249/jlllt.v3i2.704

Abstract

The phonological basis of mispronunciation in spoken English by Kabarasi speakers in social settings includes voicing and devoicing, vowel insertion, substitution or avoidance, and syllable misplacement. The study adopted the contrastive analysis hypothesis theory by Khresheh (2016), which describes how errors are transferred from L1 to L2 and the degree of strength of errors transferred, whether positive or negative. The data was presented and analyzed in tables from which sounds of both English and Kabarasi were written. English has 25 consonant sounds, while Kabarasi has 23. Some sounds clash while others (voiceless) match, but the mismatch rate is higher than positive transfer, leading to errors in spoken English. Such errors can be minimized by practice in English elocution and oral skills based on minimal pairs. However, all the errors in spoken English by Kabarasi speakers can not be eradicated completely, provided that the utterer is a native speaker of Lukabrasi.
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